韦伯“法律理想类型”在英国法中的困境及辩正

德国学者韦伯在运用其首创的"法律理性类型"概念进行比较法研究时,认为英国法不具备"法律理性类型"的"形式理性"特征,不能为社会带来必要的"确定性".然而,作为西方法律文明另一代表的英国法,其实际地位与作用却与韦伯的判断相左."法律理性类型"理论之所以在英国法分析中出现困境,原因在于韦伯把"形式理性"概念绝对化了,认为只有具备该特征的法律才能为社会提供必要的"确定性",才是"法律理性统治"所要求的法律形式.事实证明,英国法通过"遵循先例"的方式,同样能够获得"确定性".英国法是另一种符合"法律理性统治"的法律形式.     

Conditional variance estimation in heteroscedastic regression models

First, we propose a new method for estimating the conditional variance in heteroscedasticity regression models. For heavy tailed innovations, this method is in general more efficient than either of the local linear and local likelihood estimators. Secondly, we apply a variance reduction technique to improve the inference for the conditional variance. The proposed methods are investigated through their asymptotic distributions and numerical performances.     

Empirical likelihood for a partially linear model with covariate data missing at random

In this paper, we consider the partial linear model with the covariables missing at random. Empirical likelihood ratios for the regression coefficients and the baseline function are investigated, the empirical log-likelihood ratios are proven to be asymptotically chi-squared and the corresponding confidence regions for the parameters of interest are then constructed. The finite sample behavior of the proposed method is evaluated with simulation and illustrated with an AIDS clinical trial dataset.     

企业组织创新与生产率关系的实证研究：以纺织业为例的讨论

本文结合国际创新实证研究新动态,在将创新定义扩展的基础上,以纺织业为例,分析组织创新对于企业生产率的影响。实证研究表明,在企业分规模、分经济类型和分地区的情况下,组织创新对于企业生产率的提高具有显著的影响,只是影响程度各有不同。因此,促进企业组织创新,拓展对创新观念的认识,从而提高企业生产率是应当考虑的企业增长路径之一。     

论中国古典建筑砖石雕刻的审美文化内涵

古典建筑砖石雕刻艺术是一种有目的的装饰和有意味的审美形式.一方面,砖石雕刻对传统哲学观念进行创造性的转换;另一方面,在其创作过程中,始终保留着对传统精神的理解与诠释,因而,审美与文化是砖石雕刻艺术存在的基础,也是影响装饰艺术思维观念与审美取向的一个重要因素,时代背景、人文观念、宗教艺术以及民俗风情都对中国古典建筑雕刻艺术产生了深远的影响.     

Confidence interval estimation of the difference between paired AUCs based on combined biomarkers

In many diagnostic studies, multiple diagnostic tests are performed on each subject or multiple disease markers are available. Commonly, the information should be combined to improve the diagnostic accuracy. We consider the problem of comparing the discriminatory abilities between two groups of biomarkers. Specifically, this article focuses on confidence interval estimation of the difference between paired AUCs based on optimally combined markers under the assumption of multivariate normality. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed generalized variable approach provides confidence intervals with satisfying coverage probabilities at finite sample sizes. The proposed method can also easily provide P-values for hypothesis testing. Application to analysis of a subset of data from a study on coronary heart disease illustrates the utility of the method in practice.     

汉语写作如何造就了少数民族的优秀作品——以鄂温克族作家乌热尔图的作品为例

论文以鄂温克族作家乌热尔图的作品为例,揭示汉语写作怎样成就了少数民族优秀文学作品三个方面的独特价值.1.融文人创作和民间故事、传说蕴涵丰富的神话母题素及民歌为一体,为文学史家和民间文学研究提供了一种特殊的叙事性文本形态.2.汉语平台上民族文学中所描写的神话及民间传说、习俗地理特征等地方性知识得到了文学性表现,形成了各民族神话的比较机制及诗性智慧的再发现和启示.3.汉语写作的民族文学作品具有特殊的文化认同意义,民族文化身份认同表现为双重性和动态性.他留给我们的思考在于:在汉语写作平台上,民族作家如何才能在坚守民族身份特征的基础上,坚守作家的艺术生命?     

北京金融"怎么看?""怎么办?"

以习近平总书记视察北京为标志,北京的城市功能定位和发展战略方向得到了明确,北京整个城市正在重新出发.作为北京第一大支柱产业,金融业的重新出发已刻不容缓.通过对北京金融业的雄厚基础、 得天独厚的发展优势、 北京金融业实现转型发展存在的短板进行梳理和分析,提出建设"首都型金融"的新目标和近期推动"首都型金融"发展的重点任务.     

Parameter estimation of a composite production function model based on improved artificial fish swarm algorithm and model application

The traditional Cobb–Douglas production function uses the compact mathematical form to describe the relationship between the production results and production factors in the production technology process. However, in macro-economic production, multi-structured production exists universally. In order to better demonstrate such input–output relation, a composite production function model is proposed in this article. In aspect of model parameter estimation, artificial fish swarm algorithm is applied. The algorithm has satisfactory performance in overcoming local extreme value and acquiring global extreme value. Moreover, realization of the algorithm does not need the gradient value of the objective function. For this reason, it is adaptive to searching space. Through the improved artificial fish swarm algorithm, convergence rate and precision are both considerably improved. In aspect of model application, the composite production function model is mainly used to calculate economic growth factor contribution rate. In this article, a relatively more accurate calculating method is proposed. In the end, empirical analysis on economic growth contribution rate of China is implemented.     

Testing homogeneity in semiparametric mixture case–control models

Parametric and semiparametric mixture models have been widely used in applications from many areas, and it is often of interest to test the homogeneity in these models. However, hypothesis testing is non standard due to the fact that several regularity conditions do not hold under the null hypothesis. We consider a semiparametric mixture case–control model, in the sense that the density ratio of two distributions is assumed to be of an exponential form, while the baseline density is unspecified. This model was first considered by Qin and Liang (2011 Qin, J., Liang, K.Y. (2011). Hypothesis testing in a mixture case–control model. Biometrics 67(1):182–198.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], biometrics), and they proposed a modified score statistic for testing homogeneity. In this article, we consider alternative testing procedures based on supremum statistics, which could improve power against certain types of alternatives. We demonstrate the connection and comparison among the proposed and existing approaches. In addition, we provide a unified theoretical justification of the supremum test and other existing test statistics from an empirical likelihood perspective. The finite-sample performance of the supremum test statistics was evaluated in simulation studies.