Instability,investment, disasters,and demography: natural disasters and fertility in Italy (1820–1962) and Japan (1671–1965)

This article examines whether natural disasters affect fertility—a topic little explored but of policy importance given relevance to policies regarding disaster insurance, foreign aid, and the environment. The identification strategy uses historic regional data to exploit natural variation within each of two countries: one European country—Italy (1820–1962), and one Asian country—Japan (1671–1965). The choice of study settings allows consideration of Jones’ (The European miracle, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981) theory that preindustrial differences in income and population between Asia and Europe resulted from the fertility response to different environmental risk profiles. According to the results, short-run instability, particularly that arising from the natural environment, appears to be associated with a decrease in fertility—thereby suggesting that environmental shocks and economic volatility are associated with a decrease in investment in the population size of future generations. The results also show that, contrary to Jones’ (The European miracle, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981) theory, differences in fertility between Italy and Japan cannot be explained away by disaster proneness alone. Research on the effects of natural disasters may enable social scientists and environmentalists alike to better predict the potential effects of the increase in natural disasters that may result from global climate change.     

收入再分配政策能否兼顾效率与公平的经济学分析

长期以来,社会各界对于“收入再分配政策能否兼顾效率与公平”问题一直存在着激烈的争论,而对于这一问题的回答不仅具有深远的理论意义,而且具有重要的政策涵义.为此,本文通过构建数理经济模型的方法,参与对这一问题的理论探讨.根据本文理论模型的分析,得出一个关键结论:在一些参数条件下,再分配政策可以兼顾效率与公平;而在另一些参数条件下,“效率与公平”这两个政策目标之间存在冲突.本文的这一结论并没有简单支持以往的任何一种观点,而是表明:如果能够根据经济发展水平,合理设计收入再分配政策,就可以实现效率与公平兼顾的政策目标;如果再分配政策的设计与经济发展水平不相适应,那么旨在改善收入分配不平等状况的再分配政策就会阻碍经济增长.     

概念·构成·尺度:中国化马克思主义吸引力的认识论域

中国化马克思主义吸引力是指由中国化马克思主义理论呈现出的科学性、价值性而产生的一种能够使人民群众认同并自觉地遵循和实践的力量。从概念、构成、尺度切入,是我们深入理解中国化马克思主义吸引力的三个重要视域。     

负重前行：创伤视角下的奥古斯特·威尔逊

美国黑人剧作家奥古斯特·威尔逊以其＂20世纪黑人体验史＂系列剧而著名。他对黑人历史的关注源于自身的创伤经历。从文化创伤角度来探讨,威尔逊作品中的一个持续主题是,作为背负历史创伤的族裔,黑人怎样能既不忘记奴隶制、种族歧视的痛苦历史,又要走出它产生的创伤阴影。通过分析其三部代表性作品可以看出,他的态度是：只有正确认识理解过去、将个人记忆和集体记忆相连,个体和个体发生关联、共同承担创伤,黑人才能汲取力量、继续前行。其作品体现出威尔逊通过对文化创伤的塑造建构族裔认同的不懈努力。     

浅谈东盟博览会英语口译

本文结合会展英语的语言特点,重点探讨东盟博览会英语口译的特点。     

Changes in Irregular Emigration: A Field Report from Fuzhou

This paper is based on case studies in Fuzhou, China, with the aim of exploring the changes in Fuzhou’s irregular emigration activities. The findings indicate that due to changing socio‐economic and historical circumstances, a more legalizing tendency of irregular emigration from Fuzhou can be observed. Among these new developments are the following: less risk, along with the use of safer tactics, is now involved in the process of emigration; emigrants are better supported with resources such as financial support, network support and a higher level of education; “legal” status is cherished in the process of emigration, and fewer and fewer emigrants are likely to be victimized by organized smuggling groups; and migratory waves have decelerated and the passion for emigration has become both more rational and more sensible.     

Markets or networks: Households’ choice of financial intermediary in Western China

We argue that households’ choice of financial intermediary is conditioned by households’ social network structures and socioeconomic status. Analyses show that households’ social network size and network composition affect their choices by limiting the quality and quantity of information, resources, and social influence one can access through social ties. Moreover, we find that high-SES families favor formal intermediaries due not only to their richer financial knowledge, higher affordability, and greater capacity to repay loans, but also to their high demands and special types of financial needs that can hardly be satisfied by embedded resources.     

建设服务型政府,实现公共服务提供主体多元化

服务型政府将满足公民需求作为最高工作目标,不仅要求强化社会管理和公共服务职能,更需要通过体制机制创新来促进公共服务的有效供给。其中,公共服务的供给机制有效与否是政府不同层级和不同部门都要面对的普遍性问题。针对公共服务的混合性和复杂性,以及我国在公共服务提供方面的问题,参考发达国家的政府改革经验,我国应培育多元化的公共服务供给主体,通过将分散、异质性的服务需求与非规模化的服务供给对接来间接满足服务需求。多元化供给机制有利于发挥行政机制、市场机制和社会机制的各自优势,并实现三者的有机结合,从而有利于整合各种社会资源,满足公民的异质性公共服务需求。     

把握政策契机,借鉴国外经验,加快推进上海体育产业发展

体育产业是以体育活动为中心而开展的一系列相关经济活动的总称,通常包括竞赛表演、健身休闲、体育中介、体育用品制造与销售、体育建筑等业态。未来我国体育产品和服务消费需求将日益增长,体育产业发展空间巨大。上海应抓住政策机遇,高度重视体育产业的重要作用,借鉴国内外先进做法和经验,推动体育产业成为国民经济重要产业。