马克思“资本共同体”思想的文本解读

在马克思看来,资本作为共同体是资本主义商品经济条件下人们强烈逐利求金欲望在生产领域的反映。"资本共同体"建立在资本同工人交换的基础之上,它是资本的联合,不是个人的真正联合,因而是被迫、偶然、抽象、外在于人的。工人由于贫困不得不服从"资本共同体"的强制,这种共同体同工人格格不入,没有实现工人的个性自由发展。资本家的自由发展也是以服从和服务于资本需要为基础和前提的,他们的独立性只能是"以物的依赖性为基础的人的独立性",这种独立性本身就意味着人的自由发展受到了新的限制,人还不是完全独立和真正自由的人。仔细研读和深入理解马克思的"资本共同体"思想对于我们认清资本主义本质,深入理解当代人的现实处境,减轻"资本共同体"等外在力量对人的奴役,实现人的自由全面发展必将具有积极意义。     

界面依赖:"云交往"时代的交往实践批判

"云交往"作为虚拟世界替代现实世界中的交往行动,其本质是界面依赖.资本驱动下数字化迁徙促成社会转型,形成"被编程"的社会性,这构成了新的交往秩序.在此背景下,界面具身性其实是技术可供性的产物.本文指出,界面是一种"拟客体",它的"中立"是一种假象,"云交往"本质上是一种被控制的"连接".界面依赖是数字时代交往行为的基础,数字技术已将用户主体塑造成一种"外主体",个体不由自主地按程序行事,这导致生活世界的异化.界面空间需要一场革命以重建公共领域,重建交往理性的技术系统以保障云交往走向健康之路.     

疑难案件的道德解读

疑难案件是指不能被法律规则有效规范的案件.疑难案件的存在表明法律规则和法律生活之间存在缝隙,法律规则在疑难案件中对道德作出了错误的回应.疑难案件展现了"法律是什么"而非"是否有这样的法律"的"理论性争论",法律是由规则和原则组成的,原则保证了法律的开放性、包容性和正确性,提供了法官依法判决的依据,阻止了自由裁量权对法治的破坏.法律原则的背后是道德,疑难案件表明在法律形式化的今天,法律和道德依然保持着紧密的联系.     

辽代的佛教与阅读

辽代佛教的盛行,使佛教读物大量产生,僧人和信徒空前之众,名刹伽蓝遍布境内,寺院阅读繁荣兴盛。它们不仅形成了辽代文化的显著特点,也成为辽代社会阅读活动的重要组成部分,并对整个辽代的阅读文化产生了重要影响。     

图像与文字的符号特性及其在叙事活动中的相互模仿

图像与文字是两种不同类型的叙事媒介,它们具有不同的符号特性.由于相比图像而言,文字是强势符号,所以就出现了语词("诗歌")与图像("绘画")互仿时的"顺势"和"逆势"现象.而这种现象之所以存在,其实是与图像与文字的符号特性息息相关的:图像是处于纯粹符号与表意符号之间的一种特殊符号,它具有"再现"和"造型"的双重性质;而文字则是一种抽象度更高的表意符号,它在叙述或再现外在事件时可以不受"造型"因素的干扰.图像叙事与文字叙事间相互模仿的情况,既发生在内容层面,也发生在形式层面:图像叙事模仿文字叙事的情况,多发生在内容层面;而文字叙事模仿图像叙事的情况,多发生在形式层面.     

County child poverty rates in the US: a spatial regression approach

We apply methods of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and spatial regression analysis to examine intercounty variation in child poverty rates in the US. Such spatial analyses are important because regression models that exclude explicit specification of spatial effects, when they exist, can lead to inaccurate inferences about predictor variables. Using county-level data for 1990, we re-examine earlier published results [Friedman and Lichter (Popul Res Policy Rev 17:91–109, 1998)]. We find that formal tests for spatial autocorrelation among county child poverty rates confirm and quantify what is obvious from simple maps of such rates: the risk of a child living in poverty is not (spatially) a randomly distributed risk at the county level. Explicit acknowledgment of spatial effects in an explanatory regression model improves considerably the earlier published regression results, which did not take account of spatial autocorrelation. These improvements include: (1) the shifting of “wrong sign” parameters in the direction originally hypothesized by the authors, (2) a reduction of residual squared error, and (3) the elimination of any substantive residual spatial autocorrelation. While not without its own problems and some remaining ambiguities, this reanalysis is a convincing demonstration of the need for demographers and other social scientists to examine spatial autocorrelation in their data and to explicitly correct for spatial externalities, if indicated, when performing multiple regression analyses on variables that are spatially referenced. Substantively, the analysis improves the estimates of the joint effects of place-influences and family-influences on child poverty.

Measuring Human,Physical and Structural Capital Efficiency Performance of Insurance Companies

Based on the strategy perspective of intellectual capital, this paper proposes an integrated framework that is practical to estimate the human, physical, and structural capitals (intellectual capital) efficiency performance, at firm level. This paper uses a dynamic network data envelopment analysis model to estimate the intellectual capital efficiency at three levels in the insurance industry over the period of 2005–2012. Within the insurance industry, deficiencies occurred in the human and structural capital stages as opposed to the physical capital stage. A further investigation indicates that total investment is the major concern for the deficiencies. Moreover, the cluster analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the insurers based on their inherently similar efficiencies. Malaysian insurance industry need to translate and promote the existing knowledge-based economy agenda lauded by the government to improve the intellectual capital efficiency, particularly at the human capital level.     

Does the Modernization of Environmental Enforcement Reduce Toxic Releases? An Examination of Self-policing,Criminal Prosecutions,and Toxic Releases in the United States, 1988–2014

According to modernization theory, enforcement schemes that rely on end-of-the-pipe regulation are not as effective at achieving improved environmental performance as market-based approaches that encourage pollution prevention. Consistent with that observation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency transitioned to the use of self-policing to encourage pollution prevention. Other studies note that environmental compliance is significantly affected by traditional “command-and-control” strategies. Using Prais Winston regression we examine these contrasting views by estimating the relationship between toxic releases, self-policing, and criminal prosecutions from 1988 through 2014. Initial correlations suggest that (1) self-policing is not associated with toxic releases but that (2) criminal prosecutions may reduce toxic releases through general deterrence signals. Subsequent analyses controlling for gross domestic product revealed that neither self-policing nor criminal enforcement correlate with toxic releases but that gross domestic product was the strongest predictor of emissions. The implications of these findings for the control of toxic emissions are discussed.     

青年群体中的历史虚无主义问题与应对

当前社会中的"历史虚无主义"产生于近代,存在着载体多样化,形式更加隐蔽的特殊性。当前青年群体接收信息途径多元,猎奇心理和对中共历史认识的不全面,以及留学生的特殊群体和社会应然与实然的断裂,是青年群体接受"历史虚无主义"的原因。"历史虚无主义"存在着消解历史、激化社会矛盾、消解民族精神的危害。通过加强思想政治理论课,加强国家宣传渠道的管理,结合青年自身特点,警惕学界的历史虚无主义存在,来引导与应对青年群体中的历史虚无主义问题。     

Non-parametric tests for the tail equivalence via empirical likelihood

In this paper, the problem of whether the left tail and the right tail of a distribution share the same extreme value index (EVI) is addressed and we propose two different test statistics. The first one is based on the result of the joint asymptotic normality of the two Hill estimators for the EVIs of both tails. And therefore, we can construct a quotient-type test statistic, which is asymptotic χ²(1) distributed after some standardization. The second test statistic proposed in this paper is inspired by the two-sample empirical likelihood methodology, and we prove its non parametric version of Wilk’s theorem. At last, we compare the efficiencies of our two test statistics and the maximum likelihood (ML) ratio test statistic proposed by Jondeau and Rockinger (2003 Jondeau, E., Rockinger, M. (2003). Testing for differences in the tails of stock-market returns. J. Empirical Finance 10:559–581.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) in terms of empirical first type error and power through a number of simulation studies, which indicate that the performance of the ML ratio test statistic is worse than our two test statistics in most cases.