Rights and controls in the management of migration: the case of Germany

In May 1999 Germany took a significant step away from its reliance on blood based belonging, revising its nationality law to introduce an element of territory ( jus soli ) in the designation of citizenship. This paper offers Germany as a case study in the management of migration through a hierarchical system for the granting of rights, and considers the likely impact of the new law on the legal structures of inclusion and exclusion. It is argued that alongside the enhanced recognition of the original guestworker population a set of contradictory pressures now dominate the politics of migration – the recognition of human rights, the management of the labour market and the protection of welfare resources. These pressures are mediated by the granting and withholding of rights as part of a system of selection, surveillance, deterrence and control which has broader implications for our thinking about citizenship.     

A Model of Consumers' Risk Perceptions Toward Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone (rbGH): The Impact of Risk Characteristics

This study estimates the effect risk characteristics, described as outrage factors by Hadden, have on consumers' risk perceptions toward the food-related biotechnology, recombinant bovine growth hormone (rbGH). The outrage factors applicable to milk from rbGH treated herds are involuntary risk exposure, unfamiliarity with the product's production process, unnatural product characteristics, lack of trust in regulator's ability to protect consumers in the marketplace, and consumers' inability to distinguish milk from rbGH treated herds compared to milk from untreated herds. An empirical analysis of data from a national survey of household food shoppers reveals that outrage factors mediate risk perceptions. The results support the inclusion of outrage factors into the risk perception model for the rbGH product, as they add significantly to the explanatory power of the model and therefore reduce bias compared to a simpler model of attitudinal and demographic factors. The study indicates that outrage factors which have a significant impact on risk perceptions are the lack of trust in the FDA as a food-related information source, and perceiving no consumer benefits from farmers' use of rbGH. Communication strategies to reduce consumer risk perceptions therefore could utilize agencies perceived as more trustworthy and emphasize the benefits of rbGH use to consumers.     

Managing Contradiction: Civic Stratification and Migrants'Rights1

Political and academic interest in cross‐national migration has generated two very different and potentially polarized positions. One perspective emphasizes the continuing power of the nation state, while the other sees migration, and more specifically migrants' rights, as the manifestation of an emergent ‘post‐national’ society. This article offers a conceptual framework which addresses this polarization through the concept of civic stratification (Lockwood, 1996). In illustrating its application, the study shows how such an approach goes beyond a traditional citizenship framework (e.g., Marshall, 1950) in considering degrees of partial membership, but remains cautious with respect to claims about universal, transnational rights.     

Service providers to the homeless mentally Ill: Their thoughts,perceptions, and recommendations for the homeless

A qualitative research study was conducted to obtain an understanding of the people who provide services to persons who are homeless and mentally ill. Service providers were asked about the kinds of services they provide, what they consider beneficial to this population, the kinds of services they would like to provide, and what is needed to alleviate the homeless problem. Services found in the study included, those that meet basic needs, psychiatric/medical services, social services, and activities. Service providers indicated the major service priority is housing and the necessity of: (a) a safe environment, (b) additional psychiatric/social services, (c) day programs, and (d) health care. It is recommended that service providers advocate for the necessary improvements in services including, collaborative workshops and training sessions to the public and to each other.     

Service Providers to the Homeless Mentally Ill: Their Thoughts,Perceptions, and Recommendations for the Homeless

A qualitative research study was conducted to obtain an understanding of the people who provide senvices to persons who are homeless and mentally ill. Selvice providers were asked about the kinds of selvices they provide, what they consider beneficial to this population, the kinds of selvices they would like to provide, and what is needed to allevwte the homeless problem. Selvices found in the study included, those that meet basic needs, psychiatric/medical selvices, social setvices, and activities. Service providers indicated the major selvice priority is housing and the necessity of: (a) a safe environment, (b) additional psychiatric/social selvices, (c) day programs, and (d) health care. It is recommended that selvice providers advocate for the necessary improvements in services including, collaborative workshops and training sessions to the public and to each other.     

Sociology and the Two Faces of Human Rights

This article begins with a reference to Turner and Water’s debate over a foundational versus constructionist approach to human rights. Noting some scope for complementarity between the two, it moves on to consider a different divide; human rights discourse as the driver of expressive and expansive social movements; and human rights practice as deployed in the interests of power and control. The former is explored in relation to rights, recognition and ‘cosmopolitanisation’, and the latter in relation to closure, deficit and false universals. A return to the classics is suggested as one route to furthering analysis and understanding of both perspectives.     

Child Labor Supply on US Family Farms: An Interdisciplinary Conceptualization

The conceptual model developed in this paper presents a unique way of understanding child labor on US family farms. It incorporates non-economic factors into an economic framework creating models that are different from the standard economic approaches to adult labor supply and/or child labor in developing countries. The paper argues for the importance of a balance between economic factors and non-economic factors such as social development, health and safety risks, and education in understanding child labor supply.This research is part of the first authors dissertation research. The research was supported by a Hatch grant to the second author from the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences at the Univerrsity of Wisconsin-Madison. Gratitude is expressed by the second author to the Helen Riaboff Whiteley Center at the Univerrsity of Washington Friday Harbor Marine Lab for facilitating the completion of this article. Authorship is jointly shared.