蒙古人的一部历史文化档案──评《游牧文化》

蒙古人的一部历史文化档案──评《游牧文化》波·土默特夫北京中央民族大学副教授邢莉女士所著《游犹文化》一书，今年３月已由北京燕山出版社出版。全书３９万字。内容涉猎了蒙古族的游牧、狩猎、贸易、服饰、饮食、居室、交通、生诞、婚丧、节庆、礼仪、教育、科技、文...     

西藏塑像研究与保护中的宗教和伦理问题

前言研究和保护西藏塑像涉及许多复杂的问题，部分原因是由于这些作品的制作并非完全出于美学的目的，作品在严肃的西藏宗教活动中发挥着各种功能。对于密宗塑像来说，多种功能甚至是共同的。密宗塑像是用来传授秘密教义的，密咒本续文献中有载。就是这些塑像向学者和保护者们提出了最复杂的问题和伦理的窘境。在西方现存的收藏品中，这些塑像难以被忽视。不管怎样，有一些明确的步骤使保护专家可以从事对西藏佛教塑像的研究，并且保证伦理的选择被充分地考虑了。西藏宗教活动中偶像塑像的作用1．佛教塑像佛教涉及怜悯的发展和对无的认识及…     

应用地理学与地理系统信息

地理系统学说这部在实践中的应用,在很大程度上取决于应用地理学的发展.众所周知,整个地理学自其刚一诞生起就是同实践相联系的.地理学在自己漫长的发展历史中,在人类活动的各个不同领域中得到了应用.其中,地域的开发和完善设施很早就已是地理知识广泛应用于实践的领域.而把应用地理学作为地理科学的独特分支,某些学者曾经表示怀疑.但是,当地理学所面临的应用任务范围增大,并提出必须进行综合预报的问题时,当对自然界各组成成分之间的联系的认识,由于环境保护而获得特殊意义时候,情况改变了.疑况且,我们这个时代最大的实际措施——《划时代建设工程》以及按国民经济发展长期计划实行的其它措施,在实现生产规划的各个阶段都需要地理信息.生活本身的情况也吸引了地理学家参加生活过程.例如,根据N.B.科马尔的资料,现在莫斯科地理学家总人数的一半左右,在部门科学研究所,设计研究院及其它科学一生产专门机构中工作.我们认为,在苏联其它城市中心,也存在地理学家数量分布的类似情况.     

我的医生朋友

我的心脏突然犯了病,于是去看我的一个医生朋友。他给我作了一番认真仔细的检查之后,给我开了一种药:“服用这种药后,可能会出现头疼。不过,你不必大惊小怪。”果然,我的头疼得要命。医生十分得意。“我事先提醒过你。”他微笑着对我说,“我曾多次发现过这种症状。”说着他给我开了一种止痛药。吃过之后,头疼消失了,可胃却开始疼起来。“太好啦!止痛药用过了量,就会使消化系统紊乱。好吧,我给你开一种对症的     

生活在第一线

在政治家与记者之间,站着一个至关重要的角色——发言人。本文是美国国务院前发言人詹姆斯·鲁宾的经验之谈。     

罗莎·卢森堡与发展中国家金融危机的社会化

顾海良从马克思主义的问题和传统这两个层面,分析了罗莎·卢森堡思想研究的当代意义在问题层面上,通过分析两个世纪之交历史发展的相似处和不同点,指出研究罗莎·卢森堡所处时代的特点及其思想,对我们理解马克思主义历史命运问题的启示;在传统层面上,提出恩格斯逝世以后马克思主义的理论分野产生三个支流,其中以德国社会民主党罗莎·卢森堡理论为渊源的西方马克思主义,其代表人物卢卡奇、柯尔施、葛兰西均受罗莎·卢森堡的影响。简·托伯罗维斯基研究了罗莎·卢森堡对金融危机的治疗办法,强调其与发展中国家具有更大的相关性。彼特·胡第斯指出,罗莎·卢森堡的后资本主义社会观念,讨论了当今时代的重要问题——获取政权后对革命民主的需要。夏莹分析了拉克劳与墨菲对“卢森堡困境”的批判,指出这一困境并不存在,其所反映出的正是卢森堡试图通过对特殊性(偶然性)的强调,来建构一种马克思哲学意义上的普遍性,因而她与拉克劳的领导权理论恰恰具有本质上的家族相似性。     

中国蒙古文学史料学的起始与发展

蒙古文学研究的基础和前提是蒙古文学史料。随着国内外蒙古文学研究的不断拓展和深入,蒙古文学史料搜集整理已逐步发展成为蒙古文学史料学。蒙古文学史料学包括蒙古文学的田野调查、史料整理、考订、选录、笺释、校注、校勘、辑评等诸多研究内涵。中国蒙古文学研究取得巨大成就,得益于蒙古文学史料学的长足发展。我们应当总结以往蒙古文学史料学研究的经验,使蒙古文学史料学更加系统化、科学化和理论化。     

Monitoring the education gap in Thailand: trends and differentials in lower and upper secondary schooling

"Using 1980 census and 1987 survey data on birth cohorts to examine recent primary and secondary school enrollment trends [in Thailand], this study reports that primary enrollment is nearly universal but secondary enrollment is much less prevalent. The study assesses several factors thought to influence enrollment and finds that urban residence, parents' completion of primary school, the mother's positive attitude toward education, and the family's being comfortable economically to be associated with children's enrollment in secondary school. It also indicates that, for moderately well-off families, proximity to schools has a major influence on secondary school attendance. For the wealthiest families, however, distance is not a hindrance to attendance, and for the poorest families, having a school nearby is not sufficient to ensure attendance."     

Effects of migration on family structure in the receiving country

The recognition of the right to family reunification in 1976 brought far-reaching changes in the characteristics of the foreign population in France. Today, France's immigrant population has the following characteristics: 1) 42.6% are female, 2) 40% are under 25 years of age, and 3) foreigners are increasingly dispersed throughout France. Those with residents' cards may automatically obtain residents' cards for their spouses and children. France's reception policy calls for a social worker to visit a recently arrived family, to assess their need for and to promote social services. Problems of adaptation include 1) wives' social isolation and 2) changes in relations between father and children. The integration policy conducted by public authorities has 4 main aspects: 1) socio-educational activities, 2) cultural activities, 3) vocational training, and 4) activities connected with housing and lifestyle. In 1975, France began offering assisted return procedures to dismissed unskilled workers. In 1984, the authorities introduced public assistance in reintegration for workers under threat of dismissal or who had already been dismissed. The number of foreigners resident in France should remain stable over the next few years, making the integration of immigrant communities within French society a vital task.     

Assimilation process and group integration of migrant families

This empirical analysis gives 1st answers to the question of which effects some specific types of interaction structures within migrant families have on the assimilation process of family members and their personal integration. The analysis is based on a sample of 92 Turkish women and 123 Turkish men in the Bonn-Cologne area of West Germany. Questionnaires examine variables such as 1) urbanization of the context of origin, 2) household complexity, 3) availability of ethnic infrastructure, 4) residential proximity of Turkish friends and relatives; 5) school education of respondent and spouse; and 6) occupational prestige before migration. The study considers the following dimensions of social and cultural assimilation: 1) housing quality, 2) use of ethnic and general infrastructure, and 3) use of ethnic minority and mainstream cultural facilities. Results of empirical analyses on the housing conditions of migrants show that 1) motivational factors of the migrant family are unrelated to choice of a housing area, but are related to apartment quality; and 2) housing conditions differ markedly, depending on the type of combination of task-allocation and decision-making power in the family. Use of infrastructure 1) declines in Turkish families in which women's participation in family tasks is relatively high, 2) is determined most by the opportunity structure of the housing area and the interaction structure within the family; and 3) is a necessary step between the reorganization of the family's interaction structure and the participation in a broader spectrum of institutions of the receiving society. The family structure has no significant effect on participation in the minority culture. The extent of minority-culture rise has no direct relationship to the individual assimilation of family members. The empirical data support the basic theoretical assumption that the group integration of the migrant family has considerable effects on the assimilation process of its individual members. In conclusion, 1) opportunities for assimilation are increased by the combined resources of the migrants family household, and 2) continuing individual autonomy contributes severely to a reduced personal integration.