Quality of Service Based Pricing Schemes for Content Sharing in Peer‐to‐Peer Networks

In this paper, we study quality‐of‐service (QoS) based pricing schemes that serve as incentive mechanisms to induce sharing behaviors in Peer‐to‐Peer (P2P) networks. We incorporate operational QoS metrics into users’ utility functions and demonstrate how they affect individual users’ content sharing decisions. Using a game‐theoretic model, our study reveals how organizations respond to the changes of operational QoS metrics in their design of pricing schemes for various business objectives at different stages of network evolution. Our results show that a higher upload capacity can foster rational sharing to start when the network is small; however, it also discourages sharing behaviors when the network becomes large. In order to induce a socially optimal behavior, a pricing scheme will not charge users for requesting content while compensating them for sharing content. Such compensation is found to increase faster with the network size when the network is large. In order to maximize the profit of a monopolistic provider, however, a pricing scheme will charge content requests with a positive price while providing less compensation to sharing users compared to the socially optimal scheme. When the network size is small, such compensation can be even negative, which implies that a monopolistic provider discourages content sharing when the network is small, but encourages it when the network becomes larger. In addition, we find that more information about peer upload capacity discourages peers to share.     

产业政策对股票特质波动率的影响及机制研究

本文考察了宏观产业政策对重点发展行业股票特质波动率的影响及其作用机制。首先根据非参数方法提取不同行业公司股票的特质波动率,然后根据中国五年规划所包含的重点发展行业,分析了产业政策对重点发展行业股票特质波动率的影响,并使用中介效应模型检验了产品市场竞争程度、经营环境不确定性和会计信息披露质量的中介作用。研究表明,产业政策会通过加剧重点发展行业内产品市场的竞争程度、增加行业内经营环境的不确定性以及降低会计信息披露质量三条路径来提高重点发展行业的股票特质波动率。为降低内生性问题,采用倾向得分匹配等方法后,仍然发现产业政策可以增加重点发展行业的股票特质波动率。进一步考察规模异质性、产权异质性和区域异质性后,本文发现产业政策对股票特质波动率的增加作用在中小企业、东部地区更加明显,但在国有企业和民营企业中无明显差别。     

延期支付条件下的最优付款时间确定：考虑现金折扣情形

现有延期支付条件下零售商最优付款时间的研究文献均假设,零售商付款时间可以在延期支付期限时点或补货周期之内任一时点,但这一关键假设却并不符合商业惯例,也没有考虑实践中卖方广泛使用现金折扣以刺激买方提前还款的情形。为此,通过对已有模型进行了修正和补充后,给出了零售商在供应商给定延期付款、现金折扣政策下最优付款时间的判定方法。     

技术中介运作及管理机制的博弈分析

目前,国内外对技术中介的市场运作机制研究较少,同时在我国技术中介在现今的技术市场运作中已出现不少问题.为研究技术中介在技术交易中的市场运作机制,本文运用博弈理论对技术市场中的买方、卖方、中介三方相互关系进行分析,首次提出了技术价值在买方、卖方之间的分配机制,明确了技术中介的收费对象,并从技术中介的运行机制分析中得出了技术中介的发展方向和管理策略.     

投机对上海燃料油期货价格的影响分析

投机是引起期货价格剧烈波动的重要因素.本文通过引入自适应预期模型,对Moosa和Al-LougIlani提出的模型进行了改进,建立了适合中国燃料油期货市场的模型,定量分析了投机对上海燃料油期货价格的影响.结果表明期货价格对投机的反应比较敏感.     

客户细分方法研究综述

本文研究以客户为导向的各种细分方法.首先简要描述了各种细分方法在细分维度、细分依据以及与细分目标的关联性这三个方面所表现出来的特点,同时比较了它们之间的差异;其次以维度和细分技术为主要内容对四种主要的细分方法进行了详细的叙述:人口统计细分、生活方式细分侧重维度内涵的变迁,而行为细分和利益细分则侧重细分技术的发展,尤其是利益细分;最后在结束语部分指出了现有细分方法的不足和发展方向.     

Traffic‐Based Labor Planning in Retail Stores

Staffing decisions are crucial for retailers since staffing levels affect store performance and labor‐related expenses constitute one of the largest components of retailers’ operating costs. With the goal of improving staffing decisions and store performance, we develop a labor‐planning framework using proprietary data from an apparel retail chain. First, we propose a sales response function based on labor adequacy (the labor to traffic ratio) that exhibits variable elasticity of substitution between traffic and labor. When compared to a frequently used function with constant elasticity of substitution, our proposed function exploits information content from data more effectively and better predicts sales under extreme labor/traffic conditions. We use the validated sales response function to develop a data‐driven staffing heuristic that incorporates the prediction loss function and uses past traffic to predict optimal labor. In counterfactual experimentation, we show that profits achieved by our heuristic are within 0.5% of the optimal (attainable if perfect traffic information was available) under stable traffic conditions, and within 2.5% of the optimal under extreme traffic variability. We conclude by discussing implications of our findings for researchers and practitioners.     

An Experimental Investigation of Procurement Auctions with Asymmetric Sellers

Electronic reverse auctions are a commonly used procurement mechanism. Research to date has focused on suppliers who are ex ante symmetric in that their costs are drawn from a common distribution. However, in many cases, a seller's range of potential costs depends on their own operations, location, or economies of scale and scope. Thus, understanding how different bidder types impact auction outcomes is key when designing an auction. This study reports the results of the first controlled laboratory experiment designed to compare prices between first‐price and second‐price procurement auctions for homogeneous goods when seller cost types are asymmetric and the number of bidders varies. The results indicate that first‐price auctions generate lower prices regardless of market composition. The results also reveal that first‐price auctions are at least weakly more efficient than second‐price auctions despite the theoretical prediction that the reverse should hold in asymmetric auctions. Post hoc analysis of individual bidders' behavior in first‐price auctions revealed evidence that bidders systematically underbid when their cost realizations were close to the lower bound. Furthermore, bidders adjust their behavior based on the type of the other bidders in the market in a manner inconsistent with theory. Consequently, adding a third bidder to a two‐bidder market is not advantageous to the buyer unless that third bidder is a low‐cost type.     

连锁超市配送中心逆向物流量及其库存成本模型研究

连锁超市配送中心逆向物流量显赫,超常规占用大量库存空间和资金成本鲜为人知。本文在深入分析连锁超市配送中心逆向物流量的分类及成因的基础上,构建了由商业回流、终端回流、维修回流、包装回流和生产回流等五类回流所产生的连锁超市配送中心逆向物流量的计算模型,模型中构建考虑产品指数平滑系数预测的基础上导入了对连锁超市产品回流有放大影响的趋势平滑系数、季节性平滑系数、退货率、损毁率、次品率等多项指标参数,并进一步推导了连锁超市配送中心逆向物流库存成本计算模型;接着,通过算例计算了连锁超市配送中心产品逆向物流及其库存成本,分析了不同参数变化下的逆向物流库存成本值的影响程度,论证了本模型的有效性和实用性。最后给出了连锁超市配送中心逆向物流库存成本降低途径。     

投入产出分析的几种系数矩阵在管理和经济分析中的作用

综合评价投入产出分析的几种系数矩阵在经济指标分析、经济效益分析和经济预测中的作用。提出投资系数矩阵的近似构造法,改进了利润作为目标函数的优化模型和推广了数学增量模型,并通过矩阵变换法从一个投入产出分析系数矩阵生成另一个相似的投入产出分析系数矩阵。