低压空气雾化烧嘴雾化细度的实验研究

探讨了低压空气雾化烧嘴的雾化机理，分析了影响雾化细度的主要因素，建立了该类烧嘴气体雾化的准则方程．以三种尺寸各异的喷头，在不同的一、二次风配比下进行了实验研究，获得了影响低压空气雾化烧嘴雾化细度的主要因素及其实验关系式     

实施层级和综合教学管理的思考

加强人文基础课的教学管理,是全面提高教学质量和提升大学文化品质的关键。实行目标层级管理和系统综合管理能更有效发挥人文基础课的文化承载功能。     

Partner Choice and the Differential Retreat From Marriage

The contemporary retreat from marriage in the United States has had a differential impact across socioeconomic and racial groups. Here, 1990 marriage rates and propensities for Virginia, North Carolina, and Wisconsin are analyzed regarding (a) the likelihood that persons in different groups ever marry and (b) patterns of partner choice with respect to race and educational level. Marriage remains strong in most race‐education groups but is substantially lower among Blacks and among those with less than 12 years of education. Patterns of partner choice have shifted to show greater symmetry between the educational levels of brides and grooms. Changes have been modest with regard to the level and pattern of interracial (Black‐White) marriage. Marriage is increasingly a union of equals, but a union chosen more by Whites than by Blacks and more by the well educated than by the poorly educated.     

西安环境污染经济损失估算与分析

为有效监测、控制环境污染,保护城市环境,采用市场价值法、修正人力资本法和工程费用法等估算方法,对2002年西安市大气污染、水污染和固体废弃物污染造成的经济损失进行测算评估,通过各项指标和数据分析环境污染状况,给出西安市因大气、水和固体废弃物污染造成的经济损失估算结果。结论认为,西安市环境状况依然十分严峻,2002年因环境污染造成的直接经济损失高达7.30亿元。城市污染治理和城市环境保护由此成为西安市经济可持续发展的首要前提。     

20世纪40年代四川省新县制下地方自治的施行

本文探讨了 2 0世纪 4 0年代四川省新县制下的基层社会控制及民主的实际状况 ,指出四川省在当时所推行的基层地方自治仍未摆脱受行政控制的从属地位 ,行政工作先于、多于自治工作 ,“民意机构”非民众直接选举产生并且多反映地方有力者的意志 ,它在解决民众最感痛苦的诸如“摊筹派募”、“征丁”以及“吏治腐败”等问题上的作用十分有限。国民政府在基层所实行的“以官治求自治”的所谓地方自治政策 ,非但未能发展地方事业 ,反而从根本上动摇了其统治基础     

试论辛亥滦州兵谏与立宪派之关系

同盟会建立后,许多革命党人潜入北方,为实现孙中山先生的“首都革命”而积极活动,1911年10月,清王朝在永平进行大规模军事演习,史称“永平秋操”,打入新军的革命党人第二十镇统制张绍曾,第六镇统制吴禄贞,第二混成协协统蓝天蔚秘密商定,借用秋操机会发动武装革命,一举消灭清禁卫军,攻占北京。可是在秋操的前一天夜里,武昌起义爆发,清政府惊惶失措停止了秋操。派荫昌率参加秋操的部分军队南下镇压武昌起义,张绍曾拥军抗命,拒绝南下镇压起义,发动以逼迫清王朝实行立宪为旗号的兵谏,此次兵谏是有预谋,有组织,有明确目标的革命行动,在兵谏期间与京津地区的立宪派有联系,本文对兵谏过程及其与立宪派关系进行了系统论述。     

Exposure Reconstruction for the TCDD-Exposed NIOSH Cohort Using a Concentration- and Age-Dependent Model of Elimination

Recent studies demonstrating a concentration dependence of elimination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) suggest that previous estimates of exposure for occupationally exposed cohorts may have underestimated actual exposure, resulting in a potential overestimate of the carcinogenic potency of TCDD in humans based on the mortality data for these cohorts. Using a database on U.S. chemical manufacturing workers potentially exposed to TCDD compiled by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), we evaluated the impact of using a concentration- and age-dependent elimination model (CADM) (Aylward et al., 2005) on estimates of serum lipid area under the curve (AUC) for the NIOSH cohort. These data were used previously by Steenland et al. (2001) in combination with a first-order elimination model with an 8.7-year half-life to estimate cumulative serum lipid concentration (equivalent to AUC) for these workers for use in cancer dose-response assessment. Serum lipid TCDD measurements taken in 1988 for a subset of the cohort were combined with the NIOSH job exposure matrix and work histories to estimate dose rates per unit of exposure score. We evaluated the effect of choices in regression model (regression on untransformed vs. ln-transformed data and inclusion of a nonzero regression intercept) as well as the impact of choices of elimination models and parameters on estimated AUCs for the cohort. Central estimates for dose rate parameters derived from the serum-sampled subcohort were applied with the elimination models to time-specific exposure scores for the entire cohort to generate AUC estimates for all cohort members. Use of the CADM resulted in improved model fits to the serum sampling data compared to the first-order models. Dose rates varied by a factor of 50 among different combinations of elimination model, parameter sets, and regression models. Use of a CADM results in increases of up to five-fold in AUC estimates for the more highly exposed members of the cohort compared to estimates obtained using the first-order model with 8.7-year half-life. This degree of variation in the AUC estimates for this cohort would affect substantially the cancer potency estimates derived from the mortality data from this cohort. Such variability and uncertainty in the reconstructed serum lipid AUC estimates for this cohort, depending on elimination model, parameter set, and regression model, have not been described previously and are critical components in evaluating the dose-response data from the occupationally exposed populations.     

PC看门狗的原理与实现

根据单片机防止程序飞出的原理，创新性的提出了PC机在无人看管下，计算机如何判断当前的运行状态，以及在无法相应其他进程时，实现自动重启的方法。从单片机的看门狗实现原理，可在PC机上实现类似看门狗的功能。介绍了PC WATHDOG的软硬件实现，以及如何设计串口通讯协议，使PC WATCHDOG通过串口接收发送通讯帧和控制帧，进行交互，达到看门狗的功能。     

基于Smart Client的工程管理信息系统框架分析

随着中国基础建设高峰到来，工程项目管理信息系统（PMIS）必将是大型基建工程项目管理的重要手段。阐述了基于Smart Client模式PMIS的优点，并着重分析系统基本框架，提出了一般性设计原则，为PMIS开辟一条全新的研发思路。     

两种财产权的均衡--一种宪政隐喻的研究

在某种意义上,“公共财产神圣不可侵犯”的宪法宣言彰显了社会主义对资本主义的批判;“私有财产权不可侵犯”的神圣入宪隐喻了宪政的理性。私有财产权与公有财产权的均衡宪制是一种“社会能量守恒定律”的宪政隐喻。这两种基本财产权的均衡态势既有静态的平衡,也有动态的衡平,并展现为“一明两暗”的对立形态和以人为目的的终极关怀。由于这种均衡态势在各国宪法中展现的侧重点不同,而成为各国形成不同的宪政观念的重要原因之一,这便是宪政的隐喻所在。在三种不同模式的宪法中检讨这一隐喻,为当下解构、建构和创新中国的宪政理念与制度具有重大意义。