Bilateral Donors' Efforts to Assess and Manage UN Agencies' Effectiveness: Seeking a Balance between Paris Principles and Domestic Accountability

Since the turn of the century, results orientation and performance measurement have become buzzwords in development aid. Bilateral donors are increasingly concerned about the effectiveness of core‐funded UN specialised agencies, funds and programmes, through which they channel a substantial part of their funds. While the logic for increased monitoring is clear, it is less evident how to assess this information for purposes of accountability, performance‐based funding and governance. This article describes the general evolution in this area and discusses two major initiatives to harmonise and align bilateral assessments, using case‐study material from three bilateral donors (Belgium, the Netherlands and the UK) with clearly diverging performance‐management cultures, and exploring the extent to which they rely upon joint and aligned initiatives.     

全力打造辽宁东部生态旅游基地

桓仁满族自治县地处辽宁东部山区,位于辽宁、吉林两省,本溪、抚顺、丹东、通化四市,本溪、新宾、通化、集安、宽甸五县结合处。县域面积3547平方公里,其中水域面积39.8万亩,林地面积435万亩,森林覆盖率76.6%,是辽宁东部重点水源涵养区,被誉为"辽东绿色屏障"。目前,贯穿境内的通灌铁路、丹通高速公路、永桓高速公路全线竣工通车,田桓铁路、桓集铁路、桓集高速公路即将开工建设,原本交通闭塞的桓仁,一跃成为东北东部的重要交通枢纽。     

Convergence rates for uniform confidence intervals based on local polynomial regression estimators

We investigate the convergence rates of uniform bias-corrected confidence intervals for a smooth curve using local polynomial regression for both the interior and boundary region. We discuss the cases when the degree of the polynomial is odd and even. The uniform confidence intervals are based on the volume-of-tube formula modified for biased estimators. We empirically show that the proposed uniform confidence intervals attain, at least approximately, nominal coverage. Finally, we investigate the performance of the volume-of-tube based confidence intervals for independent non-Gaussian errors.     

D-1,2,4-丁三醇的绿色合成

D-1,2,4-丁三醇(D-1,2,4-butanetriol,BT)是四碳的手性多羟基醇,同时也是极具价值的有机合成中间体,应用十分广泛,特别是在医药和军事工业领域。目前D-1,2,4-丁三醇的工业化生产仍以化学合成法为主,该方法存在反应条件苛刻、产率低、副产物多,易引发环境污染等弊端。目前,利用合成生物学技术,安全高效的生物合成该化学品成为研究的热点。本文评述了D-1,2,4-丁三醇的化学合成和生物合成,以期为D-1,2,4-丁三醇的绿色合成提供理论基础。     

低压欠平衡钻井—勘探钻井技术发展新动向(待续)

从世界石油经济和供求前景分析出发,得到了石油工业上游领域必须重视难拿储量、重视改造挖潜、重视增产增效、重视提高探井水平的结论。从这些必须要重视的技术领域出发,分析了地质特点、储层特点和经济技术特点,指出了完成这些艰巨任务必须要采用低压欠平衡钻井技术。最后介绍了国外低压欠平衡钻井技术发展的现状及存在问题,结合西南石油学院近7年的储备研究成果,介绍了我国低压欠平衡钻井技术发展的重点和方向。     

5-6岁幼儿分享行为和分享动机研究

本研究以厦门市某幼儿园的40名5-6岁幼儿为被试，运用实验法和访谈法，探讨“偶得物品”和“拥有性物品”下幼儿分享行为及其分享动机的特点。结果如下：（1）百分之百的幼儿具有正确的分享判断，但绝大部分幼儿并不愿意分享，“偶得物品”和“拥有性物品”之间的分享行为并没有明显差异。（2）愿意分享的幼儿中，被动分享占主导，其中一大部分是伪分享行为。（3）分享动机中，“同伴倾向”占主导，尤其是“偶得物品”的分享动机；“权威/规则倾向”和“移情倾向”也占有重要地位。     

Testing for Serial Independence: Beyond the Portmanteau Approach

Portmanteau tests are typically used to test serial independence even if, by construction, they are generally powerful only in presence of pairwise dependence between lagged variables. In this article, we present a simple statistic defining a new serial independence test, which is able to detect more general forms of dependence. In particular, differently from the Portmanteau tests, the resulting test is powerful also under a dependent process characterized by pairwise independence. A diagram, based on p-values from the proposed test, is introduced to investigate serial dependence. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposal is evaluated in a simulation study and with an application on financial data. Both show that the new test, used in synergy with the existing ones, helps in the identification of the true data-generating process. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.