Relations between Theory of Mind and Indirect and Physical Aggression in Kindergarten: Evidence of the Moderating Role of Prosocial Behaviors

The present study examined the association between theory of mind and indirect versus physical aggression, as well as the potential moderating role of prosocial behavior in this context. Participants were 399 twins and singletons drawn from two longitudinal studies in Canada. At five years of age, children completed a theory of mind task and a receptive vocabulary task. A year later, teachers evaluated children's indirect and physical aggression and prosocial behavior. Indirect aggression was significantly and positively associated with theory of mind skills, but only in children with average or low levels of prosocial behavior. Physical aggression was negatively associated with prosocial behavior but not with theory of mind. Each analysis included gender, receptive vocabulary, and the respective other subtype of aggression as control variables. These results did not differ between girls and boys or between twins and singletons. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.     

Are Geographical Indications a Valid Property Right? Global Trends and Challenges

This article explores what is at stake in the international conflict on geographical indications (GIs), particularly for developing countries. It first examines how the WTO panel has obliged the European Union to open its registration system to third countries and how the ongoing negotiations on GIs seem to be reaching stalemate. Initiatives showing how GIs are a key political and trade issue are identified in Turkey, India, China, Colombia and Ethiopia. Trade negotiation agendas have to handle this new balance of power, in which the reputation accompanying a good may become common.     

Runtime and memory consumption analyses for machine learning R programs

R is a multi-paradigm language with a dynamic type system, different object systems and functional characteristics. These characteristics support the development of statistical algorithms at a high level of abstraction. Although R is commonly used in the statistics domain a big disadvantage are its runtime problems when handling computation-intensive algorithms. Especially in the domain of machine learning the execution of pure R programs is often unacceptably slow. Our long-term goal is to resolve these issues and in this contribution we used the traceR tool to analyse the bottlenecks arising in this domain. Here we measured the runtime and overall memory consumption on a well-defined set of classical machine learning applications and gained detailed insights into the performance issues of these programs.     

Families' values and attitudes regarding responsibility for the frail elderly: implications for aging policy

This study examines the norms and values associated with care to disabled and frail aging parents, in particular those with regard to the sharing of responsibilities for care between families and formal services, and this within three age cohorts in Quebec, Canada. It is based on a telephone interview of 1,315 people. Factor analysis yielded four factors: (1) family responsibility; (2) uncompromising family obligations; (3) acceptance of services; (4) distrust of services. Analyses of the data indicate that all three age cohorts consider that families have responsibilities for their aging family members, at the same time that they score very high on the acceptance of service scale. This article discusses these seemingly paradoxical results and their implications for aging policy.     

Slope heuristics: overview and implementation

Model selection is a general paradigm which includes many statistical problems. One of the most fruitful and popular approaches to carry it out is the minimization of a penalized criterion. Birgé and Massart (Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 138:33–73, 2006) have proposed a promising data-driven method to calibrate such criteria whose penalties are known up to a multiplicative factor: the “slope heuristics”. Theoretical works validate this heuristic method in some situations and several papers report a promising practical behavior in various frameworks. The purpose of this work is twofold. First, an introduction to the slope heuristics and an overview of the theoretical and practical results about it are presented. Second, we focus on the practical difficulties occurring for applying the slope heuristics. A new practical approach is carried out and compared to the standard dimension jump method. All the practical solutions discussed in this paper in different frameworks are implemented and brought together in a Matlab graphical user interface called capushe. Supplemental Materials containing further information and an additional application, the capushe package and the datasets presented in this paper, are available on the journal Web site.     

Lean-healthcare approach to reduce costs in a sterilization plant based on surgical tray rationalization

Abstract

Sterilization plants process all reusable materials used in hospitals during different stages of healthcare provision. Most items sterilized come from the surgical theater in the form of individual instruments, linen and surgical trays. Reducing the number of instruments in trays impacts on the performance of the sterilization process. Here, we propose a three-phase method, based on lean healthcare principles, cluster analysis and kaizen groups of experts to rationalize surgical trays, reducing sterilization processing costs. We innovate by proposing a strategy to approach tray rationalization prioritizing surgical specialties that are both complex and frequent, and by using group technology to cluster surgical trays expediting expert analyses carried out by kaizen groups. Our propositions were tested in a high complexity, tertiary care hospital, covering 12 surgical specialties, reducing the number of instruments by average 9.75%, and the time-to-assemble trays by average 9.68%, obtaining annual savings of US$285.756,00 in sterilization processing costs.     

Hazardous journey in intimacy: HIV transmission risk behaviors of young men who are victims of past sexual abuses and who have sexual relations with men

The aim of this research was to explore the behavioral patterns and dynamics that may increase vulnerability towards HIV transmission among young men who have been sexually molested as children and who have sexual relations with men. In recent years, researchers have found that a larger number of gay or bisexual men have been sexually abused as children than other men. In this study, we wanted to explore the possible links between sexual victimization of young men and risky sexual behaviors related to HIV transmission among these men.     

Functional approaches for predicting land use with the temporal evolution of coarse resolution remote sensing data

The sensor SPOT 4/Végétation gives every day satellite images of Europe with medium spatial resolution, each pixel corresponding to an area of 1 r km 2 1 r km. Such data are useful to characterize the development of the vegetation at a large scale. The pixels, named "mixed' pixels, aggregate information of different crops and thus different themes of interest (wheat, corn, forest, …). We aim at estimating the land use when observing the temporal evolution of reflectances of mixed pixels. The statistical problem is to predict proportions with longitudinal covariates. We compared two functional approaches. The first relies on varying-time regression models and the second is an extension of the multilogit model for functional data. The comparison is achieved on a small area on which the land use is known. Satellite data were collected between March and August 1998. The functional multilogit model gives better predictions and the use of composite vegetation index is more efficient.     

Use of videotape feedback with severely disturbed adolescents.

A year of group therapy using videotape feedback with seriously disturbed adolescents offers evidence that such feedback facilitates the correction of these youngsters' distorted body images, low self-esteem, lack of capacity for self-observation, and poor peer relationships. The conscious use of videotape also played an integral part in the group process. It seemed to serve as a third therapist, with considerable amounts of resistance and transference focused on the equipment as it went through the process of being monster, toy and useful tool. An additional benefit was provided to the cotherapists in terms of supervision, and in teaching other staff the techniques of group therapy.