从符号化的教师到“好教师”:困境与超越*

社会对“好教师”的呼声反衬出教师在现实境遇中的尴尬。教师职业的符号化使教师成为去身体化、去情境化和去经验化的存在,其真实生活被遮蔽。社会对他们索之过多,责之过重,职业活动边界模糊不清,他们的正常需求难以得到恰当满足和应有尊重,职业吸引力受到抑制。符号化不可能产生“好教师”。好教师只能产生于生活世界,其应对的是一个市场在资源配置中起决定性作用及注重自我决策的社会,关照的是个体对未来生活的美好预期。我们需要承认教师的具身性存在,构建友善的文化氛围和制度环境。     

Change-Point Estimation in Long Memory Nonparametric Models with Applications

We consider the estimation of a change point or discontinuity in a regression function for random design model with long memory errors. We provide several change-point estimators and investigate the consistency of the estimators. Using the fractional ARIMA process as an example of long memory process, we report a small Monte Carlo experiment to compare the performance of the estimators in finite samples. We finish by applying the method to a climatological data example.     

Estimation of the additive hazards model with interval-censored data and missing covariates

The additive hazards model is one of the most commonly used regression models in the analysis of failure time data and many methods have been developed for its inference in various situations. However, no established estimation procedure exists when there are covariates with missing values and the observed responses are interval-censored; both types of complications arise in various settings including demographic, epidemiological, financial, medical and sociological studies. To address this deficiency, we propose several inverse probability weight-based and reweighting-based estimation procedures for the situation where covariate values are missing at random. The resulting estimators of regression model parameters are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. The numerical results that we report from a simulation study suggest that the proposed methods work well in practical situations. An application to a childhood cancer survival study is provided. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 499–517; 2020 © 2020 Statistical Society of Canada     

Decolonising the university in 2020

ABSTRACT

We came together as editors of Decolonising the University through a commitment to understanding the university and our place within it; to examine what else might be possible for us, collectively, in the domain of higher education. Although we do not always agree about the university– or, perhaps more specifically, about the possibilities it contains for intervening effectively in the world– we nonetheless coalesced around an idea of ‘decolonising the university’ as an important strategic mode of engagement. Here, we set out the positions that we come from in relation to the broader debates about the university and its political possibilities and offer responses also to the reviews. These are not our final words on the matter, but words shaped by the political possibilities that present themselves at the outset of 2020 and which, we hope, will contribute to the increasingly necessary dialogues on this topic.     

计算知识论视域下的科学发现逻辑研究

在科学发现逻辑受制于描述性的传统研究路径，经历衰落和缓慢复苏的大背景之下，计算知识论为科学发现逻辑提供了一个全新的规范性研究框架。该框架不仅为科学发现逻辑做了系统性辩护，而且围绕发现问题的可解性做了许多规范性讨论。虽然其有关具体规范性的研究距离现实的科学发现仍然较远，但这一路径对未来发现逻辑研究走向的启发意义毋庸置疑。     

论合唱钢琴伴奏与指挥及合唱队的合作关系

作为一名合唱钢琴伴奏者,演奏技法如何服从合唱的需要,与合唱有机地紧密结合在一起,是其在伴奏过程中必须注意的.伴奏者要能够与合唱这种多声部的演唱形式默契结合,演奏应遵循合唱本身的特点,与指挥、合唱队三方合作,同时通过自身的视觉和听觉对伴奏进行控制调节,以达到完整地体现作曲家、指挥及伴奏者自身的审美意图的目的.     

A regularized variable selection procedure in additive hazards model with stratified case-cohort design

Case-cohort designs are commonly used in large epidemiological studies to reduce the cost associated with covariate measurement. In many such studies the number of covariates is very large. An efficient variable selection method is needed for case-cohort studies where the covariates are only observed in a subset of the sample. Current literature on this topic has been focused on the proportional hazards model. However, in many studies the additive hazards model is preferred over the proportional hazards model either because the proportional hazards assumption is violated or the additive hazards model provides more relevent information to the research question. Motivated by one such study, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, we investigate the properties of a regularized variable selection procedure in stratified case-cohort design under an additive hazards model with a diverging number of parameters. We establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of the penalized estimator and prove its oracle property. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed method with a modified cross-validation tuning parameter selection methods. We apply the variable selection procedure to the ARIC study to demonstrate its practical use.     

Time varying long memory parameter estimation for locally stationary long memory processes

The semiparametric estimators of time varying long memory parameter are investigated for locally stationary long memory processes. The GPH estimator and the local Whittle estimator are considered. Under some mild regularity assumptions, the weak consistency and the asymptotic normality of the estimators are obtained. The finite sample performance of the estimators is discussed through a small simulation study.     

商务信函话语的修辞建构

商务信函是商务实践活动中的主要沟通媒介和手段。商务信函话语的修辞效果在很大程度上关系到商务交际目的的实现。以西方修辞理论为切入点,运用比彻尔的修辞情境、亚里士多德的劝说策略、伯克的认同理论对商务信函话语的建构进行探讨。商务信函话语建构与特定商务修辞情境相匹配,运用认同策略,并结合传统的修辞诉诸,与目标受众达成广泛认同,以提高商务信函话语修辞效果,推动商务交际双方的修辞互动过程,达到商务修辞目的。     

标准语与方言间语码转换的性别差异研究

语言使用的性别差异是社会语言学研究的热点,探究标准语与方言间语码转换的性别差异及其根源具有重要的现实意义。在回顾前人研究基础上,通过问卷调查和访谈,探究了两性对标准语及其方言的使用度以及对公共场合使用标准语和方言的态度,结果发现“女性对标准语的使用度明显高于男性,对公共场合使用方言的赞成度则低于男性,女性对‘讲不讲标准语不会影响别人对我的看法’观点的同意度低于男性”,同时探讨了造成这些差异的社会、家庭、心理等方面的原因。