Implicit theories in organizational settings: A systematic review and research agenda of implicit leadership and followership theories

Implicit theories play important roles in many areas of human life. In this review, we focus on implicit leadership and followership theories, i.e. implicit assumptions of (good) leaders and followers, respectively. We provide a framework for categorizing the existing research in this field. We use this framework to show the current state of research and to illustrate the gaps in the literature. More precisely, we review which types of prototypes of leaders and followers have been studied, the effects of comparisons between the actual leader (respectively follower) with these activated prototypes as well as the contextual factors that influence prototype activation and prototype fit. We conclude by outlining implications for human resource management and for future research, thereby focusing on research questions that can be used to integrate the distinct paths in implicit leadership and followership theories.     

Young people's gendered interpretations of suicide and attempted suicide

This paper aims to uncover gendered interpretations of various kinds of suicidal behaviour. Its empirical basis is focus group discussions with a range of young people, including users of social work services. In support of Canetto's research, the authors found some of the young people to be associating ‘successful’ suicides with masculinity and ‘failed’ suicide attempts with femininity. These feminized suicide attempts were subject to some fairly pejorative interpretations, such as being motivated by revenge or manipulation. There was no particular pattern of viewpoints in terms of the sex of respondents. The implications of these findings for social work are discussed.     

渤海与日本交聘中“高丽国”的辨析

渤海与日本建立交聘关系及其努力保持和发展与日本的交聘关系 ,是出于渤海的政治、经济利益的需求。在交聘中 ,渤海统治者的某些做法使日本一度产生渤海是高句丽的后继国的误解 ,日本出于自身利益曾在一段时期内改称渤海为“高丽”。事实上 ,渤海从未明确表示过自己是高句丽的继承国 ,所谓“渤海对高句丽的继承意识”也是一种主观臆想的错误看法     

Tradition and transition: Family change in Israel

This article describes recent family change in Israel. Two opposing forces affect this process—factors resisting change and attempting to preserve traditional patterns, and factors producing and driving change. The former are mainly religion, familism, and the political situation; the latter are mainly global cultural influences and the need to adapt to changing environments. As a consequence the magnitude of change as measured by rates of marriage, divorce, fertility, and new family formations lags behind similar transformations in other Western developed countries. An empirical study in Israel shows that a majority of married women and mothers perceive of both family and work in the labor market as highly important and combine them in practice. Their occupational aspirations and achievements are, nevertheless, limited by strong traditional norms of familism. She is the author of Social Work: The Case of a Semi-Profession; Science in Cultural Context: Soviet Scientists in Comparatrive Perspective; Hurdles in the Halls of Science: The Israeli Case; and articles on immigrant scientists, professionals in organizations, and women in nontraditional occupations.     

论培养师范院校学生的科研能力

未来教师由现在的“教书匠”型向“专家、学者”型的转变趋势,已充分说明师范院校学生科研能力培养的必要性与重要性,而且,大学生求知欲强烈、思维活跃、研读时间充裕的特殊个性、优质大学师资,丰富藏书与先进科研设备,互联网开通等条件都充分说明师范院校学生科研能力培养的可行。应开设专门科研课程、成立学生科协与指导小组、组成学生课题组、合理安排学生在校与假期的科研活动,特别要处理好差异性“梯度式”安排、独立创新、科研与学习等活动的协调、经费保障等难题。     

Methodological Nationalism,the Social Sciences,and the Study of Migration: An Essay in Historical Epistemology1

The article examines methodological nationalism, a conceptual tendency that was central to the development of the social sciences and undermined more than a century of migration studies. Methodological nationalism is the naturalization of the global regime of nation‐states by the social sciences. Transnational studies, we argue, including the study of transnational migration, is linked to periods of intense globalization such as the turn of the twenty‐first century. Yet transnational studies have their own contradictions that may reintroduce methodological nationalism in other guises. In studying migration, the challenge is to avoid both extreme fluidism and the bounds of nationalist thought.     

Hostile Worlds or Connected Lives? Research on the Interplay Between Intimacy and Economy

Economic sociologists have devoted most of their attention to the activities of individuals and firms in markets. However, recent attempts have pushed for a better understanding of the relationship between intimacy and economy. Such efforts have been inspired, in large part, by Viviana Zelizer (2000, 2005). In her inquiry on the purchase of intimacy, Zelizer proposed seminal differentiations between the “hostile worlds,” “nothing but,” and “connected lives” perspectives, and advanced a cultural relational analysis of the economy. In this essay, we review research that applies Zelizer's framework, and suggest substantive and analytical avenues for future research on economy/intimacy nexus.