借鉴美英高校经验促进科研成果转化

20世纪 70年代以来 ,美、英两国都十分重视加强高校与企业的合作 ,试图依靠大学的先进科研成果振兴国家经济 ,取得了很大成效。其主要措施有 :鼓励高校教师、科研人员到工厂兼职 ;设立专门机构向企业推销高校科研成果 ;建立科技情报交流网 ,加强二者的联系 ;创建高新技术园区 ,使高校科研成果直接进入生产领域 ;创立合作研究中心 ,促进二者共同开发新技术 ;二者联合培养研究生 ,并将其科研成果直接应用于生产领域。这些经验值得我们借鉴     

坚持与创新——中国共产党领导者人口思想演变研究之二

中共中央1962年《关于认真提倡计划生育的指示》文件的发布,明确了党和国家对实行计划生育的赞成态度,回答了社会主义社会是否要进行人口调控的问题。此后,中国共产党的领导者们在马克思主义理论的指导下,结合中国人口发展具体实践,不但坚持了对社会主义社会是否要进行人口调控的回答,并且对在社会主义建设中为什么要进行人口调控和如何进行人口调控进行了创造性地回答。他们通过对这些问题进行思考和回答所形成的人口思想和人口理论,是社会主义人口理论的重要组成部分,是对马克思主义人口理论的补充和丰富,是马克思主义中国化的重大理论成果。     

The conceptualization of mistreatment by older American Indians

The problem of how to conceptualize elder mistreatment goes back several decades, and is especially important for ethnic minority populations, who may have perspectives that differ from the dominant society. This community-based participatory research study, which examined perceptions of mistreatment by family among 100 urban and rural older American Indians, permits a rare glimpse into how Native elders themselves understand this issue. Here, good treatment was conceptualized in terms of being taken care of, having one’s needs met, and being respected. We found relatively high standards for how elders should be treated—such as the belief that an elder’s needs should be anticipated and met without the elder needing to ask—in the face of widespread accounts of the mistreatment of elders within the community, largely through various acts of financial exploitation and neglect. Substance abuse and culture loss were blamed formuch of the elder mistreatment occurring in contemporary Native communities.     

中国的生育率:到底下降了多少?

1990年代以来 ,中国的生育水平持续下降 ,已经进入低生育国家的行列。 2 0 0 0年人口普查 ,中国的总和生育率为 1 2 2 ,明显存在漏报。那么中国的生育率到底下降了多少 ?本文利用亲生子女法、生育史重构法和胎次递进比方法分析了 1 990年代生育率的下降过程 ,认为 2 0 0 0年总和生育率最准确的估计应为 1 5 8。通过分解总和生育率的变化 ,认为 1 990年代生育水平的下降 ,2 /5归因于结婚年龄的推迟 ,3/5归因于婚内生育率的下降     

中国特色的人口老龄化过程、前景和对策

基于基本国情 ,中国老龄化具有老年人数多、老龄化速度快、未富先老和老龄化地区差别大的特点。老年人健康长寿水平与发达地区有很大差距 ,中国老龄政策要把老年人健康作为优先考虑的内容。老龄化速度快是低生育的结果 ,应充分利用“人口红利”为老龄化做好物质准备。老龄政策必须与经济社会发展水平相适应。在未富先老的条件下 ,老年人提高生活质量必须政府主导、社会参与、群众支持     

Population statistics] as of Oct 1, 1995

The publication of these statistics is part of an effort to provide current demographic estimates for Thailand every three months. The tabulated data pertain to October 1995. Estimates are provided for the following demographic measures: total population (59,627,000); male population (29,796,000); female population (29,831,000); urban population (18,830,000); rural population (40,797,000); population by region: northern region (11,978,000), northeastern region (19,413,000), southern region (7,464,000), central region excluding Bangkok Metro (12,936,000), and Bangkok Metropolis (7,836,000); population by age group: under 15 years (17,172,000), 15-59 years (38,102,000), 60 and over (4,353,000), 6-21 years (19,939,000), 18 years and over (38,528,000), 20 years and over (36,259,000), and women aged 15-44 years (15,393,000); crude birth rate per 1000 population (17.6), crude death rate per 1000 population (5.2); natural growth rate (1.2%); infant mortality rate per 1000 live births (30.8); male life expectancy at birth (66.6 years); female life expectancy at birth (71.7 years); male life expectancy at age 60 (18.8 years); female life expectancy at age 60 (22.0 years); total fertility rate (1.95); contraceptive prevalence rate (74.0%); and projected population for the year 2012 (71,860,000). A chart gives the estimated percentage of cumulative deaths from AIDS by age group in 2000 and 2005.     

成功老龄化研究--以北京老年人为例

本文利用北京老龄化多维纵向研究数据,对北京老年人的成功老龄化状况进行了分析.分析结果表明,年龄、性别、受教育程度和家庭经济状况等因素影响着成功老龄化.属于成功老龄化范畴的老年人主要是低年龄、男性、受教育时间长、拥有较多家庭财产或月收入的老年人.上述因素并不只对某一个年龄组产生影响,它们对老年的各个阶段都有影响.年龄的增长与老年人身体、心理和社会功能有着紧密的联系,在控制了年龄、性别、教育和收入变量之后,老年人之间的差异依然存在.     

Fathers' Early Emotion Talk: Associations With Income,Ethnicity, and Family Factors

Contextual, mother‐, child‐, and father‐level variables were examined in association with fathers' emotion talk to infants during a shared picture book activity, in an ethnically diverse, low‐income sample (N = 549). Significant main effects included the rate of emotion talk from fathers' romantic partners (i.e., the infant's mother), infant attention and distress, and sensitive parenting. Significant interactions were also found. Higher income African American fathers referred to negative emotions more than non‐African American higher income fathers. In addition, African American fathers who demonstrated more negative and intrusive parenting referred to positive emotions more than non‐African American fathers who demonstrated negative and intrusive parenting. Our findings support family systems theory and, specifically, the interdependence of individuals' behaviors within the family unit. Interaction effects are discussed with respect to cultural variation in beliefs about parenting behaviors and the cultural experience of African Americans, including the Black cultural experience and the minority experience.     

西安市“十二五”工业发展思路研究

立足西安工业发展现状及存在的问题,在总结其他副省级工业发展经验的基础上,提出:"十二五"西安工业发展思路应着力于"四化",即"工业结构高度化,军民产业融合化,工业发展集群化,工业布局合理化",重点打造十大主导产业和五大产业发展区域。对应于"四化"目标,西安市工业发展需强调四个方面的发展策略。     

发展和谐民族关系必须坚持的"多元一体"理念与"政治基础"--海南民族关系发展的历史回顾和现状调查

本文结合海南民族关系的实际,论述以“中华民族多元一体”理念促进民族团结进步、在“根本政治基础”上推动和发展和谐民族关系。