论唐宋时期的生育神信仰及其特点

我国古代由生殖崇拜逐渐转变为生育神崇拜的过程中,唐宋是一个重要的转变时期。生育神的信仰、来源和种类都要比前代丰富,具有多样性、普遍性、融合性、地域性等鲜明特点,同时对后世及周边地区产生了重大影响,使得我国民间生育神信仰愈来愈复杂,并呈现出与其他神明相融合的趋势。     

经济转型期高校外语人才的培养模式分析

新时期高校外语人才的培养应满足社会时复合应用型人才的需求.因此,必须对现行的教育模式、课程体系、教学手段与方法、教学管理机制等进行系统化的重新构建,创建与培养目标相适应的人才培养模式.     

自愿不育的人口社会学视角

文章通过对目前人口形势和不育群体现状的分析 ,从人口学和社会学的角度对不育文化作了论述 ,最后分析了几个值得深入探讨的社会问题     

从婚姻与家庭功能看性革命

本文从婚姻、家庭功能出发,对西方性革命、性解放做了理论上的探讨,并对西方性革命对目前中国性文化的影响做了深刻探讨,提出在中国弘扬健康文明的性文化的重要性.     

Trends in bird species richness,abundance and biomass along a tropical urbanization gradient

Impacts of urbanization on biodiversity are commonly studied using urbanization gradients which provide a space-for-time substitution in estimating consequences of urban expansion. Rates of urbanization and human population growth are high in tropical countries of the developing world, which also hold most of the world’s biodiversity hot-spots, yet few studies have considered biodiversity trends along urban gradients in these regions. Bird communities across a gradient of nine sites in Uganda, from the city centre of Kampala to outlying rural locations, were studied over a six year period. These sites were ordered along an urbanization gradient using Principle Components Analysis based on habitat variables estimated at each site. Bird species richness showed a decrease from rural to urban sites, a trend especially evident in forest birds. There was no clear pattern in total abundance, total biomass or biomass per individual along the gradient. However, this latter result was heavily influenced by a colony of Marabou Storks at one site. When this species was omitted, there was evidence of a positive trend with urbanization, showing that as species richness decreased, the bird community was increasingly dominated by larger species with increasing urbanization, which were mainly scavengers able to exploit human refuse. These results provide further support for the negative impacts of urbanization on species richness, but also demonstrate trends in abundance and biomass are variable across different regions. In particular, the increasing dominance of larger species in urban areas may be relevant to certain geographic and/or socioeconomic contexts.     

The Methuselah Effect: The Pernicious Impact of Unreported Deaths on Old-Age Mortality Estimates

We examine inferences about old-age mortality that arise when researchers use survey data matched to death records. We show that even small rates of failure to match respondents can lead to substantial bias in the measurement of mortality rates at older ages. This type of measurement error is consequential for three strands in the demographic literature: (1) the deceleration in mortality rates at old ages; (2) the black-white mortality crossover; and (3) the relatively low rate of old-age mortality among Hispanics, often called the “Hispanic paradox.” Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men matched to death records in both the U.S. Vital Statistics system and the Social Security Death Index, we demonstrate that even small rates of missing mortality matching plausibly lead to an appearance of mortality deceleration when none exists and can generate a spurious black-white mortality crossover. We confirm these findings using data from the National Health Interview Survey matched to the U.S. Vital Statistics system, a data set known as the “gold standard” (Cowper et al. 2002) for estimating age-specific mortality. Moreover, with these data, we show that the Hispanic paradox is also plausibly explained by a similar undercount.     

吉林省已婚育龄流动妇女婚育状况分析

本文利用国家卫生和计划生育委员会组织的2012²014年吉林省流动人口动态监测抽样调查相关数据,选取已婚育龄流动妇女,对其婚育状况及其影响因素进行研究,以期为流动人口的管理和服务提供参考。结果表明,吉林省已婚育龄流动妇女初婚所占比例较高,选择在流入地结婚和生育的妇女的初婚和初育年龄延迟,地理通婚圈不断扩展。有71.2%的流动妇女生育子女个数为1个。流动妇女中婚前怀孕比例较高,其主要的影响因素为文化程度和初婚年份。     

Women’s attitudes towards the medicalization of childbirth and their associations with planned and actual modes of birth

Problem

Rates of medical interventions in childbirth have greatly increased in the Western world.