明代河州、岷州、洮州茶马贸易研究

茶马贸易肇于唐,始于宋,盛于明,衰于清.有明一代,茶马贸易贯穿始终.明代茶马贸易主要有西北、西南两路,而河、岷、洮三州则是明西北茶马贸易的行政中心及主要交易中心.明朝的茶马贸易,不仅仅是一项国防政策,同时也是一项经济政策、民族政策.它的顺利进行,不仅保证了明王朝西北边防的安全,同时还极大的促进了内地及河、岷、洮等民族地区政治经济文化社会等诸方面的发展及各民族融合的实现     

Contact between birth parents and children in kinship care in a sample from Spain

Within the context of kinship care, the main objectives of this work are to study the characteristics of contact between foster children and their birth parents, and their relationship with key variables of fostering, the children and their kinship caregivers. The sample included 189 children from Spain and their kinship families. A semi‐structured placement interview and two scales relating to the child–caregiver relationship and child's psychological adjustment were used with the kinship families. The results revealed a significant percentage of foster children who had no family contact. Various visit types, frequencies and durations were described. Kinship care with contact, compared with placements without contact, was frequently characterized by the absence of professional supervision, and an affectionate child–caregiver relationship; moreover, children with contact were perceived to have fewer serious behaviour and socio‐emotional problems and a greater probability of family reunification. The regression analysis showed that the main predictors for how caregivers assessed contact were the children's emotional reaction during visits and the quality of the relationship between the kinship families and the birth parents. These results suggest the need for further research about contact, which will certainly have a major impact on professional intervention with these families.     

京津冀经济协同发展背景下河北省承接京津产业转移推进策略研究

京津冀协同发展作为国家战略已成为河北省面临的重大发展机遇。在此过程中承接首都产业的转移已成为急迫的现实需要,但如何在实践中顺利推进已成为亟待解决的问题。文章在相关理论研究成果的基础上,着重分析了河北省在承接京津产业转移方面存在的主要问题,进而从河北省角度提出了在京津冀协同发展背景下进一步推进产业承接的对策建议,从而为相关管理部门的宏观决策提供有益的参考与借鉴。     

Life pattern of urban trees: A growth-modelling approach

Urban afforestation improves life quality in urban centers providing social and environmental benefits. Understanding growth of urban trees exposed to air pollution will support planning, managing and expanding urban areas. This approach intends to determine growth patterns of urban trees to support future urban planning. Non-destructive samples were collected from trees of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze in Araucaria city, Parana State, Brazil. Growth rings were related to pollutant concentrations and meteorological series. Growth reduction was observed except in the border areas of the city. Trees established during or after the period of industrialization incentives were most affected by air pollution, indicating that immature plants are more vulnerable. Sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide significantly affected growth of smaller trees. Those greater than 60 cm dbh did not demonstrate significant correlation with any identified pollutant. As the trees established before accentuated urbanization were less affected by air pollution, it is reinforced the importance of preserving remaining urban trees. We suggest that planning urban afforestation should precede industries placing. When urban planning is impossible, new planted trees should not be expected to grow as in free pollution areas, but they will still present satisfactory diameter increment, contributing to improve local urban environment.     

On algorithmic construction of maximin distance designs

Maximin distance designs are useful for conducting expensive computer experiments. In this article, we compare some global optimization algorithms for constructing such designs. We also introduce several related space-filling designs, including nested maximin distance designs, sliced maximin distance designs, and general maximin distance designs with better projection properties. These designs possess more flexible structures than their analogs in the literature. Examples of these designs constructed by the algorithms are presented.     

我国小城镇发展状况、对策与展望

“发展小城镇 ,是带动农村经济和社会发展的一个大战略”,小城镇在我国社会经济发展和城镇化进程中起着越来越重要的作用。文章界定了小城镇的定义 ,对小城镇发展现状进行了评述 ,通过分析小城镇发展存在问题 ,提出了相应对策 ,并对我国小城镇发展做了展望     

论道德教育的多学科生态

道德教育是一个完整的、有机的形态,具有其生态本性。文章从此逻辑起点出发,提出道德教育研究本身具有其生态性．拘泥于某一特定学科视角局限的道德教育研究缺乏全局性的总体把握。因此,从道德教育的生态整体性出发,从伦理学、教育学、社会学、心理学等多学科视角,从支持系统、操作系统、环境系统和转化系统建构方面,全面分析道德教育,建构起多学科研究视野中的道德教育生态体系,是解决当前道德危机和德育困境的重要途径。     

塔吉克语的使用与保护--来自新疆塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县的调查

中国的塔吉克族在历史发展中逐渐丧失了自己本民族的文字,成为我国有语言而无文字的特殊民族之一。在长期发展过程中,受民族分布格局和人文环境等因素的影响,塔吉克民族在语言使用上普遍呈现多语化的现象。“天生的翻译家”———这一特殊身份不仅是对塔吉克民族自身文化适应性的反映,也从某种程度上反映了塔吉克民族在多元文化中的弱势和无奈。如何在经济文化发展的浪潮中保存塔吉克族的语言,不仅引起了学者的关注,也成为塔吉克民族自身不断反思的问题。基于塔什库尔干塔吉克自治县的调查,就此问题进行了探讨。     

新型城镇化进程中“城市病”治理的策略研究

城市化的快速发展使得人口膨胀、交通拥堵、资源短缺、环境污染、社会矛盾等各类"城市病"日益严重,妥善解决"城市病"问题,是保证我国城市化健康发展、顺利实现全面建成小康社会战略目标的关键性问题。"城市病"的产生,究其原因主要是跨越式发展产生"时间压缩"效应,城市发展理念与方式存在偏差,城市规划建设缺乏科学性,政府职能的缺位导致城市管理滞后,城市空间结构失衡等。发达国家在治理城市病过程中的城市发展理念、顶层的城市规划设计、科学的城市交通路网等先进经验值得我们借鉴。基于新型城镇化的视角,治理我国城市病要坚持以人为本的新型城镇化道路,确立城乡一体化发展理念,提高城市规划建设水平,创新城市管理方式,实施都市区和城市群发展战略。     

感应电机的智能控制及其DSP实现研究

在分析感应电机数学模型的基础上,提出了一种基于免疫遗传算法（IGA）的递归模糊神经网络（RFNN）控制器的设计方法,并应用于交流感应电机双闭环矢量控制系统中的转速控制器中,对感应电机实现精确的速度控制。为满足控制运算实时性的要求,采用高速数字信号处理器（DSP）作为速度控制与运算单元,成功完成了递归模糊神经网络控制器的DSP实现。实验结果验证了该控制器的可行性。