江苏农村校车管理运营的问题与对策研究

江苏省农村校车管理运营存在很多问题,结合江苏省农村具体情况,研究确立符合江苏省农村校车特点与规律的管理思想,运用全寿命周期管理理论可以建立符合江苏农村校车实际情况的运营管理模式;从法律、市场准入、职能部门建立、教育布局与校车需求分析、运营模式的确定、营运安全监管等六个方面探讨校车运营模式的构建,可以提高江苏省农村校车的安全规范和管理水平。     

论唐代女冠及其对唐代文人创作的影响

女冠的繁荣是唐代出现的一种特别的社会现象.唐代女冠不仅数量可观,而且十分活跃地参与当时的社会生活,尤其是与当时的文人群体交往十分密切.唐代女冠的大量出现与当时开放包容的社会风气和女性社会地位的提高有密不可分的关系.她们的出现不仅丰富了唐代的社会画卷,而且也为唐代文人的创作提供了可贵素材,是唐代诗歌发展的一种重要推动力.     

Linear Subspace Spanned by Principal Points of a Mixture of Spherically Symmetric Distributions

For each positive integer k, a set of k-principal points of a distribution is the set of k points that optimally represent the distribution in terms of mean squared distance. However, explicit form of k-principal points is often difficult to obtain. Hence a theorem established by Tarpey et al. (1995 Tarpey , T. , Li , L. , Flury , B. D. ( 1995 ). Principal points and self-consistent points of elliptical distributions . Ann. Statist. 23 : 102 – 112 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) has been influential in the literature, which states that when the distribution is elliptically symmetric, any set of k-principal points is in the linear subspace spanned by some principal eigenvectors of the covariance matrix. This theorem is called a “principal subspace theorem”. Recently, Yamamoto and Shinozaki (2000b Yamamoto , W. , Shinozaki , N. ( 2000b ). Two principal points for multivariate location mixtures of spherically symmetric distributions . J. Japan Statist. Soc. 30 : 53 – 63 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) derived a principal subspace theorem for 2-principal points of a location mixture of spherically symmetric distributions. In their article, the ratio of mixture was set to be equal. This article derives a further result by considering a location mixture with unequal mixture ratio.     

Estimation of the number of jumps of the jump regression functions

This paper suggests an estimator of the number of jumps of the jump regression functions. The estimator is based on the difference between right and left onesided kernel smoothers. It is proved to be a.s. consistent. Some results about its rate of convergence are also provided.     

Using p values to design statistical process control charts

Conventional Phase II statistical process control (SPC) charts are designed using control limits; a chart gives a signal of process distributional shift when its charting statistic exceeds a properly chosen control limit. To do so, we only know whether a chart is out-of-control at a given time. It is therefore not informative enough about the likelihood of a potential distributional shift. In this paper, we suggest designing the SPC charts using p values. By this approach, at each time point of Phase II process monitoring, the p value of the observed charting statistic is computed, under the assumption that the process is in-control. If the p value is less than a pre-specified significance level, then a signal of distributional shift is delivered. This p value approach has several benefits, compared to the conventional design using control limits. First, after a signal of distributional shift is delivered, we could know how strong the signal is. Second, even when the p value at a given time point is larger than the significance level, it still provides us useful information about how stable the process performs at that time point. The second benefit is especially useful when we adopt a variable sampling scheme, by which the sampling time can be longer when we have more evidence that the process runs stably, supported by a larger p value. To demonstrate the p value approach, we consider univariate process monitoring by cumulative sum control charts in various cases.     

Tests for homogeneity of risk differences in stratified design with correlated bilateral data

ABSTRACT

Correlated bilateral data arise from stratified studies involving paired body organs in a subject. When it is desirable to conduct inference on the scale of risk difference, one needs first to assess the assumption of homogeneity in risk differences across strata. For testing homogeneity of risk differences, we herein propose eight methods derived respectively from weighted-least-squares (WLS), the Mantel-Haenszel (MH) estimator, the WLS method in combination with inverse hyperbolic tangent transformation, and the test statistics based on their log-transformation, the modified Score test statistic and Likelihood ratio test statistic. Simulation results showed that four of the tests perform well in general, with the tests based on the WLS method and inverse hyperbolic tangent transformation always performing satisfactorily even under small sample size designs. The methods are illustrated with a dataset.     

Availability analysis for general repairable systems with repair time threshold

Availability analysis is an important issue in many practical fields. This paper investigates the availability for general repairable systems with repair time threshold. Based on practical applications, a repair time threshold is introduced. If the period of a repair is less than a predefined time threshold, then the system may be considered as working during this period, i.e., the effect of the repair could be neglected. Otherwise, if the period of a repair is longer than the given threshold, then the system is considered as working from the beginning of the system failure until the repair time exceeding the threshold, i.e., the time point of the system down could be delayed. We consider both constant and random repair time threshold. This paper valuates the user-perceived availability, when the user does not experience any service interruption because the duration of repair is too short. The results can be applied in reliability engineering, queueing theory and many other fields. A numerical example for ventilator system is presented to demonstrate the application of the developed approach.     

某综合医院慢性病患者住院费用构成及影响因素分析

目的：分析慢性病患者住院费用及其影响因素,为控制慢性病住院费用提供依据。方法：收集安徽省某综合医院2014年全年慢性病住院患者病案信息,对患者的住院费用及其影响因素进行统计分析。结果：慢性病患者的次均住院费用、药品费用、检查费用、化验费用分别为8 207.5元、3 442.5元、1 275.0元、1 057.5元;高血压、糖尿病、椎间盘疾病患者的次均住院费用分别为5 929.2元、10 384.1元、8 900.2元,其中药品费用占住院费用的比重依次为33.9%、47.4%、34.9%;住院天数与住院费用之间存在正相关;年龄、住院天数和疾病类型是住院费用的影响因素。结论：慢性病患者住院费用较高,经济负担较重;糖尿病患者住院费用最高,药品费用占比最大;椎间盘疾病患者住院天数最长;老年人为慢性病高危人群。     

论经济统计学如何适应新核算体系的改革

我国新国民经济核算体系的实行,标志着国民经济统计工作的全面改革。在经济统计实践已经并将发生巨大变革的新格局下,国民经济统计学的内容体系如何与其相适应?如何作出配套改革?如何迈上新台阶?是这些年来摆在我们统计理论工作者和统计教育工作者面前的一个重大课题。