从道德抉择到德行合一————新闻传播中的道德伦理抉择模式比较研究

当代人面对越来越多的伦理观和德目表,但在行动时却往往盲目无措,一些传播与媒介伦理研究者推荐了“波特图式”和“博克模式”等实用的伦理推理模式,这些希望确定行为理由的推理模式实际上并不能为人们的行为提供有说服力的伦理依据。那什么是我们行动时可以依靠的东西？是随处可感的道德感吗？然而关于道德感的基因、神经生物和生物进化方面最新的科学研究明显打击了我们对道德感神话般的期待。不过,这类研究也提供了一些线索：行为的道德依据或者说道德感形成也许必须要从历史和社会实践的角度来探究,这样,美德伦理的研究传统进入了我们的视野。伦理学家麦金太尔提出的追寻美德的办法不仅仅是一种道德推理和判断的模型,还把我们引向一条德行合一的道德探询之路。     

高校网络青年自组织科学管理探索——以微博协会为例

在信息化时代,高校学生微博协会在国内产生并快速发展有其必然性。以微博协会为代表的高校网络青年自组织具有组织强制力的削弱与个人影响力的凸显两大特点。网络时代科学管理网络青年自组织的方法和途径是：利用学生社团,引导其规范发展;通过高校与互联网服务提供商（ISP）合作,促进其良性发展;通过发展技术、健全制度,建立网络管理监控系统等,保障其健康发展。     

Cultural Capital and Status Attainment: An Empirical Study Based on Data from Shanghai

Abstract

文化资本是影响个人教育获得和社会地位获得的重要因素。基于2008年上海市社 会结构调查数据, 从广义文化资本出发, 分别测量父母和子女文化资本对地位获得的 作用。研究发现: 父母和子女文化资本存量越高, 子女受教育年限越长; 子女文化资 本对地位获得具有显著影响; 在控制性别、父亲职业等变量后, 文化资本越多, 越有 可能进入更高阶层; 教育、家庭文化氛围和文化投资对地位获得具有持续且稳定的作 用; 文化资本是社会下层实现向上流动的有效手段。

关键词: 文化资本 教育 社会地位

Cultural capital plays an important role in individuals’ educational and status attainment. On the basis of data from the Shanghai Social Structure Survey of 2008 and from the perspective of broadly defined cultural capital, this paper measures the role of cultural capital of parents and children in the acquisition of social status. The findings are as follows: (1) Higher stocks of cultural capital on the part of parents and children mean more years of schooling for children. (2) Children’s cultural capital has a significant influence on their status attainment. (3) Controlling for variables like gender and father’s occupation, the more cultural capital one has, the more likely one is to enter a higher stratum. (4) A family’s education, cultural ambience and cultural investment have a sustained and stable impact on status attainment. (5) Cultural capital provides an effective way for the lower strata of society to achieve upward social mobility.     

A survey of China's birth control among women of child-bearing age

To further implement China's family planning policy of "prevention first, birth control first," a study of the current family planning situation was conducted. A survey of the birth control methods employed by women of childbearing age and by men was based on a nationwide randomized sampling of 1/1000. In the different age groups, ranging from 15-49 years old, IUD users accounted for over 50%, tubal sterilization 25%, and vasectomy 10%. The main IUD users were women in the 20-24 age group. Tubal sterilization was more prevalent among the women in the 35-39 age group. The use of oral contraceptives (OCs) was more common among younger women but accounted for less than 10% of the total. The survey was based on the replies to questionnaires from 172,788 married women of childbearing age; 120,022 of them practiced contraceptive methods for a birth control rate of 69.46%. The breakdown was as follows: IUD, 34.84%; tubal sterilization, 17.63%; vasectomy, 6.94%; OCs, 5.86%; condom users, 1.39%; and other methods (including chemical suppositories, rhythm, or safe period method and withdrawal before ejaculation), 2.78%. There was a higher percentage of OC users in urban areas, and a marked preference for IUDs in the rural communities. The rural birth control rate was 68.58%; the urban rate was 74.17%. The use of the IUD has priority in all the areas; its percentage approaches the national average level. The use of vasectomy as a birth control method varies considerably according to area as does the use of OCs, condom, and tubal sterilization. Rural minority groups prefer the IUD and OCs; tubal sterilization, the condom, and vasectomy are preferred by the Han nationality. The birth control rate differed according to the different occoupation groups: 77.85%, workers; 76.01%, farmers; 85.15%, cadres; 59.52%, housewives; and 66.67%, others. The birth control rate was higher among those who received a college education than the illiterates, but statistics did not show a significant difference in the rate of those with a high school education and the illiterates. Mothers of 0-1 children generally preferred OCs; tubal sterilization was preferred by mothers with 2-3 children. The nonusers of contraception accounted for 30.54% among married women of childbearing age. A breakdown gives the following figures: menopause and infertility, 6.17%; divorced and widowed, 1.64%; planned parenthood, 10.51%; nonusers who should have practiced contraception, 12.22%. On a national level, the estimated number of nonusers of contraception among those who should be practicing contraception comes to about 20,000,000 women.     

《白鲸》：美利坚的民族神话

从19世纪的美国文学背景出发,对小说《白鲸》所展现的美利坚民族文化色彩进行了详尽的解读,认为《白鲸》突破了19世纪以前的欧洲文化传统,以写实的手法展现了美国精神,具有强烈的民族主义色彩,谱写了一部美利坚民族的新神话。     

成都翻译产业发展现状分析

我国翻译产业经过二十多年的开拓,已经发展成为现代服务业的一个重要组成部分。在对成都翻译产业现状进行调研、分析的基础上,提出在成都市建设世界现代田园城市和全球翻译产业快速发展的形势下,应该加强发展以人才密集型和高端服务业为主要特征的翻译产业。     

新世纪视野中的梁生宝形象

用今天的眼光看,《创业史》对主人公梁生宝思想行为和语言的描写合乎逻辑、真实可信。梁生宝的人生选择合乎其情感逻辑与理性逻辑,作品对其心理活动中某些理念活动的描写也不违反事理逻辑。梁生宝选择集体创业而放弃个人发家,是因其天性中的善良和富于同情心;他的创业激情,则又与其强烈的自尊需要相关。梁生宝形象是一个成功的艺术典型,在今天仍有其现实意义。     

危险驾驶行为定性研究

危险驾驶行为不仅包括醉酒驾车和飙车,还包括吸毒品后和无驾驶技术驾车等具有高度危险的驾驶行为。严重的"危险驾驶"行为被定性为犯罪,而对于闯红灯、疲劳驾驶等交通违法行为,由行政管理手段进行调控。醉酒驾驶、飙车引发的恶性交通事故,引起社会各界对此类恶性交通事故定罪量刑的争论。对此类行为是定此罪还是彼罪,应结合具体案情,坚持主、客观相统一的原理进行认定。     

家庭教育红色文化基因传承研究

家庭教育具有鲜明的阶级属性和政治属性,国内外研究家庭教育的目的莫不如此,特别是在当前社会转型时期,必须坚守家庭教育意识形态属性,家庭教育红色文化基因传承就显得格外重要。当前,家庭教育红色文化基因传承面临重智育轻德育、多样化社会思潮冲击、敌对势力渗透等问题,要为家庭教育红色文化基因传承提供法理支撑,科学定位家庭教育红色文化基因传承的意识形态功能。     

散文英译中的译者主体性

本文探讨在散文英译中译者主体性的发挥。汉语散文句式结构较松散,但英语行文紧凑严谨,因而译者在翻译过程中需要发挥主观能动性,将汉语分句进行归纳综合,化为符合英语表达习惯的结构。目前译者主体性的研究较多关注对理论的分析与定位,也有一定的译例分析,但与微观翻译技巧的结合不太紧密。笔者希望通过对散文的分析,将译者主体性具体地落实到语言的各个层面上,将个案研究和系统理论结合起来,从而深化对译者主体性的研究。