林松韵译《斗篷之歌》序言

诗歌的翻译,从一种文字到另一种文字,是繁难、艰巨而伤脑费神的,除非是对于精明熟练的航行水手——钟情于在汹涌湃澎的惊涛骇浪中驾船行驶。善于完成此项复杂工序者,难得碰见。中国的穆斯林学者叶哈雅·林松哈吉,是面临实际而敢于尝试并力求完善的、寥寥可数的学子之一,正象令人赏心悦目的能工巧匠,凭自己的指尖雕饰出奇珍异宝。早先,学者叶哈雅曾经肩负起翻译尊贵《古兰经》为中文的重任,如果不具备对于《古兰经》、《圣训》和教法等知识融汇贯通的素养,这一项庄严使命是不能完成的。因为《古兰经》的体裁别具风格,它不是诗歌,也不是散文,奇妙的文体,既不是宣礼的盟词,又不是可以类比的灵感;既非韵散的混杂揉合,亦非摹拟效尤的骈文。其章节段落的微言奥意,不是紧密连贯     

当代马克思主义思潮的若干新趋向

本文是两位作者提交1989年年底在美国马萨诸塞大学举行的“今日马克思主义:传统与分歧”国际会议的一篇论文,后来于1990年3月进行修改补充。此文尚未发表过,但作者同意译者译介给中国读者。文章对当前国际上马克思主义思潮的发展、演变、危机和一些新学派、新趋向作了介绍和分析,提供了较多最新资料和动向,可供我国学术界研究参考。罗纳德·奇尔科特是美国加利福尼亚河滨分校的教授,专长于政治学、政治经济学、发展研究与拉丁美洲研究,是美国进步刊物《拉丁美洲透视》的创办人和主编,曾于1989年访问中国。他的主要著作包括:《拉丁美洲:对依附性的斗争及其他》(1974),《巴西共产党:冲突与结合,1922—1972》(1982),《比较政治学理论:探索一项范例》(1981),《发展理论与不发达理论》(1984),《巴西东北部的权力与统治阶级》(1990)。他也是《依附论与马克思主义:辩论的解决》(1982),《发展理论:生产方式论还是依附论?》(1983),《拉丁美洲:对发达与不发达问题的资本主义观与社会主义观》(1986)等书的编者。爱德华·奇尔科特是美国新社会研究学院的经济学博士研究生。文章共分四个部分:一、马克思主义危机的根源,二、向马克思回归的两项运动,三、80年代的新方向,四、前景。这里译出的主要是三、四部分。     

Bayesian Experimental Design for Long-Term Longitudinal HIV Dynamic Studies

The study of HIV dynamics is one of the most important developments in recent AIDS research for understanding the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and antiviral treatment strategies. Currently a large number of AIDS clinical trials on HIV dynamics are in development worldwide. However, many design issues that arise from AIDS clinical trials have not been addressed. In this paper, we use a simulation-based approach to deal with design problems in Bayesian hierarchical nonlinear (mixed-effects) models. The underlying model characterizes the long-term viral dynamics with antiretroviral treatment where we directly incorporate drug susceptibility and exposure into a function of treatment efficacy. The Bayesian design method is investigated under the framework of hierarchical Bayesian (mixed-effects) models. We compare a finite number of feasible candidate designs numerically, which are currently used in AIDS clinical trials from different perspectives, and provide guidance on how a design might be chosen in practice.     

黄金准则

苏珊向来为人诚实正直。以前她一直没有仔细考虑过这条黄金准则——“倘若你想人家怎样待你,你就应以那样的方式对待人家。”她越想就越觉得自己没能随时随刻恪守这条准则。最终,她只能向妈妈请教这一准则的含义。妈妈说:“它首先意味着要摒弃任何私心。一个爱邻居胜于自己的人     

摆脱错觉

尽管众多学者、记者、退休军官、政客以及专家为美国重塑中东的宏伟目标出谋划策，但在中东地区民族宿怨、社会宗教问题以及激进叛乱的冲击之下，该目标的实现依然遥遥无期。这些精英人士显然遗忘了西方最著名的战略思想家卡尔·冯·克劳塞维茨（Carl von Clausewitz）曾经说过的话：“作战就是部署和实施搏斗。     

弥合大西洋两岸的分歧

欧美在政策、全球战略和治理问题上的分歧由来己久。不过,如今一些严肃的观察家开始得出这样的结论:大西洋两岸联盟的基本文化和结构基础正在削弱。作者认为,尽管存在分歧,但在一个全球化和恐怖主义猖獗的时代,全球没有哪两个地区比欧洲和美国更有共同之处了。否则。损失最大的就是欧洲和美国。当务之急是赶快抛弃美国或欧洲可以单独行事这一贻害无穷的想法。     

历史上的大流感

自古以来，瘟疫就经常给人类带来巨大的灾难。流感便是其中主要的一种。流感一般分为三种，即甲型、乙型和丙型。甲型流感也就是目前向人类发起新挑战的禽流感。让我们翻开人类疾病的历史，看看历史上的流感是怎样的。     

现代国际贸易理论中的国内和国际规模收益

在二战后的国际贸易中,工业化国家之间的制造业产品的交易量巨大,这种产业内贸易现象的出现,在一定程度上对传统的赫克歇尔-俄林-萨缪尔逊贸易模型产生了冲击和质疑。经济学家从多个角度寻求对这种现象的理论解释,并开始注意产品差别化及其对规模经济的影响,但是,这些研究对贸易理论的影响很小,并且解释现实的能力也很弱。因此,把差别化的生产资料作为研究的重点,在国际收益的框架下,建立模型以推出国际规模收益,并且运用这一模型得出了国际规模收益、传统的国内规模收益和要素禀赋论之间的关系。     

The behavioural and welfare implications of housing demand under rationing

This study examines on United Kingdom budget data the sensitivity of policy and welfare conclusions to the introduction of quantity constraint on Housing demand within a utility consistent framework. The paper proposes a rationed demographic demand system, based on extension of the idea of virtual price, and presents evidence that such a model could prove useful in the precise estimation of equivalence scales on budget data with limited price variation. The demand parameter estimates and their welfare implications are quite sensitive to the introduction of rationed demand. Unlike in previous studies, the rationed demand system fails to reject linear preferences.I am grateful to Arie Kapteyn and an anonymous referee for helpful written comments on an earlier version. I also thank seminar participants at the Second Annual Congress of the European Society of Population Economics at the University of Mannheim, West Germany in June 1988, at the University of NSW and Melbourne in Australia, and Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand for useful discussions. I retain responsibility for all errors that remain.     

Effects of migration on family structure

This paper examines the situation and problems of migration on family structure, with emphasis on family reunification. The study is based on conditions and practices in Western Europe and Mediterranean countries relating to temporary labor migration. Most migrant workers have no intention of settling permanently and return to their country within a few years. The International Labour Office estimated in 1974 that at least 1/2 the migrant workers in Western Europe live without their families. Generally, migrants send for their families only when they are employed, earning adequate wages, and have adequate housing. Some reasons why migrants live apart from their families include 1) the receiving country discourages family immigration because it does not coincide with the economic necessities of migration policy and 2) some sending countries discourage it to ensure that the migrant worker returns to his own country. The main danger arising from family separation is that it frequently leads to the break up of the family. The leading European authorities recognize as a fundamental right the freedom of a migrant worker and his family to lead a normal family life in the receiving country. The author outlines the conditions for admission for residence and employment of migrant spouses and children for the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Austria, Luxembourg, and the United Kingdom. All countries require that the head be in regular employment for some time and be able to provide his family with suitable housing. Other problems concerning the arrival of migrant spouses and children include 1) acquiring employment and social information and counseling, 2) education of children, 3) obtaining vocational training and adaptation and 4) achieving entitlement to social security benefits. The effects of migration in the family context in sending countries include 1) providing activities for migrants to maintain cultural links with their countries of origin and 2) acquiring the nationality of the receiving countries. Countries should facilitate the admission to employment of migrant spouses and children, by maintaining provisions for the reuniting of families and imposing no limits on admission to residence; and 2) by overcome obstacles to admission to employment, by observing existing recommendations. In conclusion, governments should give family cohesion 1st priority, regardless of regulations.