On two-stage shrinkage testtimation

The general procedure of two stage shrinkage testimation formulated in Adlce and Gokhale [Commun. Statist.- Theory Meth. 18, 633-627 (1989)] k further generalized and extended to the multiparameter case. Local optimal-ity result of that paper, in the restricted set up of univariate location families and scalar families, is generalized without any restriction on the parametric family. The local unbiasedness result of that paper is also generalized and in addition local risk- unbiasedness is considered. The optimality and risk-unbiasedness results are proved for the usual matrix loss and their validity for an arbitrary quadratic loss deduced as corollaries.     

Comparative evaluation of genetic algorithms for job-shop scheduling

Many optimization problems from the industrial engineering world, in particular the manufacturing systems, are very complex in nature and quite hard to solve by conventional optimization techniques. There has been increasing interest in imitating living beings to solve such kinds of hard optimization problems. Simulating the natural evolutionary process of human beings results in stochastic optimization tech niques called evolutionary algorithms, which can often outperform conventional optimization methods when applied to difficult real-world problems. There are currently three main avenues of this research: genetic algorithms (GAs), evolutionary programming (EP) and evolution strategies (ESs). Among them, genetic algorithms are perhaps the most widely known types of evolutionary algorithms today. During the past years, several GAs for the job-shop scheduling problems have been proposed, each with different chromosome representation. In this paper, the different GAs are collected from the literature and an attempt has been made to evaluate them. The benchmark problems available in open literature are used for evaluation and the performance measure considered is makespan. The algorithms are coded in C+ +.     

Linear approximate ML estimation in scaled Type I generalized logistic distribution based on Type-II censored samples

The scaled (two-parameter) Type I generalized logistic distribution (GLD) is considered with the known shape parameter. The ML method does not yield an explicit estimator for the scale parameter even in complete samples. In this article, we therefore construct a new linear estimator for scale parameter, based on complete and doubly Type-II censored samples, by making linear approximations to the intractable terms of the likelihood equation using least-squares (LS) method, a new approach of linearization. We call this as linear approximate maximum likelihood estimator (LAMLE). We also construct LAMLE based on Taylor series method of linear approximation and found that this estimator is slightly biased than that based on the LS method. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to investigate the performance of LAMLE and found that it is almost as efficient as MLE, though biased than MLE. We also compare unbiased LAMLE with BLUE based on the exact variances of the estimators and interestingly this new unbiased LAMLE is found just as efficient as the BLUE in both complete and Type-II censored samples. Since MLE is known as asymptotically unbiased, in large samples we compare unbiased LAMLE with MLE and found that this estimator is almost as efficient as MLE. We have also discussed interval estimation of the scale parameter from complete and Type-II censored samples. Finally, we present some numerical examples to illustrate the construction of the new estimators developed here.     

Partial Correlation in Terms of Path Coefficients

The distribution of members of the American Statistical Association (ASA) by several demographic and professional measures is characterized. The analysis is based on a 1979 survey of ASA members who resided in the U.S. More detailed analysis focuses on how demographic and professional characteristics affect the distribution of income and the odds of participating in ASA activities. Several interesting observations are made. Years of experience since highest degree is the most important predictor of income. Highest degree and whether employed in academia are also important. There is a significant difference between the distribution of income for men and women; although the difference is insignificant at one year of experience, it increases with the experience level. Although the survey represented a 100% sample of blacks, Hispanics, and native Americans in the ASA, there is insufficient data to formulate a detailed model of income for this minority group; its average income, however, falls below the expected income of the majority population for higher experience levels. For both the odds of attending annual meetings and serving ASA as an officer or committee member, the most important discriminator is the highest degree of the member. Race is also a significant factor: blacks, Hispanics, and native Americans were least likely to attend annual meetings, and Asians and Pacific Islanders were least likely to hold office. Years of experience is important also for predicting the odds of having held office but not of having attended meetings.     

A new behavioural model for fertility schedules

Modelling age-specific fertility rates is of great importance in demography because of their influence on population growth. Although we have a variety of fertility models in the demographic literature, most of them do not have any demographic interpretation for their parameters. It is generally expected that models with behavioural interpretation are more universal than those without any interpretation. Even though the famous Gompertz model has some behavioural interpretation it suffers from other drawbacks. In the present work, we propose a new fertility model, which has its genesis in the generalization of logistic law. The proposed model has good behavioural interpretation, alongside having nice parameter interpretations.     

Analysis of discrete lifetime data under middle-censoring and in the presence of covariates

‘Middle censoring’ is a very general censoring scheme where the actual value of an observation in the data becomes unobservable if it falls inside a random interval (L, R) and includes both left and right censoring. In this paper, we consider discrete lifetime data that follow a geometric distribution that is subject to middle censoring. Two major innovations in this paper, compared to the earlier work of Davarzani and Parsian [3 N. Davarzani and A. Parsian, Statistical inference for discrete middle-censored data, J. Statist. Plan. Inference 141 (2011), pp. 1455–1462. doi: 10.1016/j.jspi.2010.10.012[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]], include (i) an extension and generalization to the case where covariates are present along with the data and (ii) an alternate approach and proofs which exploit the simple relationship between the geometric and the exponential distributions, so that the theory is more in line with the work of Iyer et al. [6 S.K. Iyer, S.R. Jammalamadaka, and D. Kundu, Analysis of middle censored data with exponential lifetime distributions, J. Statist. Plan. Inference 138 (2008), pp. 3550–3560. doi: 10.1016/j.jspi.2007.03.062[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. It is also demonstrated that this kind of discretization of life times gives results that are close to the original data involving exponential life times. Maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters is studied for this middle-censoring scheme with covariates and their large sample distributions discussed. Simulation results indicate how well the proposed estimation methods work and an illustrative example using time-to-pregnancy data from Baird and Wilcox [1 D.D. Baird and A.J. Wilcox, Cigarette smoking associated with delayed conception, J, Am. Med. Assoc. 253 (1985), pp. 2979–2983. doi: 10.1001/jama.1985.03350440057031[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]] is included.     

党的早期法制宣传教育:1921~1927

中共早期(1921~1927)法制思想的宣传教育继承了创始人的革命法制思想及其教育方法,于1922年明确了法制思想宣传教育的内容和目的。由此决定了法制思想宣传教育以工人、农民为主要的受教育者,以反映工人、农民等劳苦大众利益诉求的政治权利与自由、劳动保护、男女平等等核心价值观为主要内容,以报刊杂志,工人夜校、农民讲习所等培训机构,以及立法实践活动为载体,以口头语言、口号等为表达形式,针对性地开展革命法制思想的宣传教育,取得了较好效果。这为当代法制教育提供了借鉴。     

山区初中物理实验教学现状及对策和思考──世行贷款抚州师专物理实验改革课题调研报告

本文在深入调研基础上，着力分析山区初中物理实验教学现状，提出了相应的对策与思考，并引发出师专物理实验改革方向的探索。     

Analysis of middle-censored data with exponential lifetime distributions

Recently Jammalamadaka and Mangalam [2003. Non-parametric estimation for middle censored data. J. Nonparametric Statist. 15, 253–265] introduced a general censoring scheme called the “middle-censoring” scheme in non-parametric set up. In this paper we consider this middle-censoring scheme when the lifetime distribution of the items is exponentially distributed and the censoring mechanism is independent and non-informative. In this set up, we derive the maximum likelihood estimator and study its consistency and asymptotic normality properties. We also derive the Bayes estimate of the exponential parameter under a gamma prior. Since a theoretical construction of the credible interval becomes quite difficult, we propose and implement Gibbs sampling technique to construct the credible intervals. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to evaluate the small sample behavior of the techniques proposed. A real data set is analyzed to illustrate the practical application of the proposed methods.     

被征收房屋承租人之权益保护问题

《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》的实行使得征收过程中承租人权益保护问题更显严峻。学界以往对拆迁中的权益保护问题讨论虽多,但基本上是从所有权人切入,从承租人的角度看,征收过程中的利益大体为三部分:承租人权益保护的立法状况、承租人权益应受保护的理论基础以及承租人具体权益样态。