中国城乡收入差距变动的成因分析：兼论“倒U”假说的适用性

一、引言改革开放以来,中国的城乡收入差距经历了一个较为复杂的变动过程,具体测量中,考虑到长期以来国家统计局对农村居民主要采用了“纯收入”的概念,而对城镇居民则在1993年以前主要采用“生活费收入”,以后改为“可支配收入”的概念,根据李实(1999)的研究,这一统计口径将会忽视城镇职工所享有的公费医疗、教育补贴、养老金待遇等项收入,由此带来城乡收入差距的低估;另一方面,根据消费函数理论,长期内的平均消费倾向将趋于稳定,即消费和收入间将会维持一个固定的比例。因此可以采用城乡消费水平作为城乡收入差距衡量的主要指标。在这一测…     

试论高等教育办学多元化

目前,我国高等教育办学多元化已成事实。多元化的经济结构、不断增长的对高等教育的需求、办学经费短缺等问题使高等教育办学多元化成为必然。高等教育办学多元化过程中存在着思想认识、办学经费、管理体制等方面的问题,对此,应采取提高认识、转变政府职能、加强管理等对策加以解决。     

承接国际服务外包、技术溢出与本土企业创新能力提升

近几年服务外包产业发展迅速,并产生广泛的经济效应。本文基于江苏省三个服务外包基地城市为样本的微观企业调查数据,实证研究了软件行业承接国际服务外包获得的技术溢出对创新能力提升的作用。研究结果表明,承接国际软件外包获得了技术溢出,企业创新能力得到提升。在技术外溢的多种可能途径中,人力资本作用最为突出,发包方技术转移较为显著,政府服务通过影响企业人力资本水平等途径间接影响服务外包的技术外溢,提升了本土企业创新能力。     

脑科戒毒手术被叫停的医学伦理学思考

曾被大力推广的脑部手术戒毒项目,最近被卫生部紧急叫停。手术被“叫停”的原因主要是:防止违背生命伦理学原则,采用优后原则和遵循手术的临床验证原则。医学科研工作者在科技和利益面前首先应充分考虑到生命伦理学的基本原则。     

游牧经济的机动性分析--以古代蒙古族的游牧经济为例

1800年以前,世界的军事优势一直控制在生活在亚欧大陆腹地的游牧民族手中.在此前两千五百多年间,游牧民族曾经在亚欧大陆纵横驰骋,东亚、南亚、西亚和欧洲的许多农业帝国纷纷被来自草原的游牧民族所吞并,其原因何在呢?本文认为,这正是游牧民族独特的生产方式赋予游牧民族的灵活的机动性所致.     

Mixed-effects Models with Skewed Distributions for Time-varying Decay Rate in HIV Dynamics

After initiation of treatment, HIV viral load has multiphasic changes, which indicates that the viral decay rate is a time-varying process. Mixed-effects models with different time-varying decay rate functions have been proposed in literature. However, there are two unresolved critical issues: (i) it is not clear which model is more appropriate for practical use, and (ii) the model random errors are commonly assumed to follow a normal distribution, which may be unrealistic and can obscure important features of within- and among-subject variations. Because asymmetry of HIV viral load data is still noticeable even after transformation, it is important to use a more general distribution family that enables the unrealistic normal assumption to be relaxed. We developed skew-elliptical (SE) Bayesian mixed-effects models by considering the model random errors to have an SE distribution. We compared the performance among five SE models that have different time-varying decay rate functions. For each model, we also contrasted the performance under different model random error assumptions such as normal, Student-t, skew-normal, or skew-t distribution. Two AIDS clinical trial datasets were used to illustrate the proposed models and methods. The results indicate that the model with a time-varying viral decay rate that has two exponential components is preferred. Among the four distribution assumptions, the skew-t and skew-normal models provided better fitting to the data than normal or Student-t model, suggesting that it is important to assume a model with a skewed distribution in order to achieve reasonable results when the data exhibit skewness.     

海河图书馆应用地下储能技术的可行性分析

海河图书馆是天津市海河开发规划确定的公建项目.按照天津市政府提出的建筑应达到"三步节能"的要求,该项目已被列入天津市节能建筑示范工程.     

What is Integration? A Comparative View from Immigrants and Municipal Policy

The ongoing project of citizenship construction in societies receiving international immigration demands a perspective that takes into account the interests, views and needs of all socio-demographic groups, including those of newcomers as potential new citizens. We interviewed representatives of 16 immigrant associations operating in the Spanish autonomous community of Galicia, reviewed immigration policy in 13 Spanish (Galician) municipalities, and interviewed 20 municipal government staff members who put these into practice. With this research, we aim to explore the perspectives of immigrants with respect to their own integration and to examine how these compare with local policies designed to facilitate these processes. By comparing the immigrant representatives' perceptions with local policy discourses and practice, our study reveals how local integration practice is not only inconsistent with its own policy discourse but also fails to consider and include immigrants' own understandings of what integration means and how it can be achieved.     

基于地理加权回归的山区人口分布影响因素实证研究——以贵州省毕节地区为例

山区人口分布受多种经济、社会等非空间因素的影响外,还与不同区域的地理分布有密切关系。文章以贵州省毕节地区为例,以乡镇区域为研究单元,运用地理加权回归(GWR)分析方法,兼与全局普通二乘法(OLS)方法进行比较,研究人口密度和经济、社会、自然等因素的空间相关关系。研究表明,社会经济因素对毕节山区人口分布的影响大于自然环境因素的影响;海拔对毕节山区人口分布的影响不如坡度的影响显著;综合经济实力、城镇化水平、交通条件和地形条件的好坏与其对人口分布的影响大小呈反相关,而医疗条件的好坏与其对人口分布的影响大小呈正相关。因此,"加强城镇建设、鼓励人口聚集,加强生态移民工作、保护资源环境"是未来毕节地区相关政策的基础。     

他应该向谁主张权利

案情简介齐某为某国企工伤职工,与该国企签有劳动合同。2005年某国企开始准备进行国有企业改制,制定了《某国企职工分流安置实施方案》,该方案中解除劳动关系支付职工的经济补偿金标准是某国企所在市2004年度社会平均工资。同年10月26日某国企召开职工大会全体通过该方案,并获得了上级主管部门及国资委批准。2006年某国企正式启动改制方案,4月29日某国企更名为某股份公司,该公司为非国有控股公司,某国企上级主管单位某集团公司持有某股份公司20%的股份。6月29日某股份公司召开职