民众知识形态描述

本文对民众知识的存在、层次、思维、内容、传承等形态进行了粗略的描述 ,提出了多种相应的认识推论 ,对民众知识概念及其所关涉的一些问题给予了提示性的回答     

论少数民族劳动力打工的原因及其影响--以鄂西南革勒车乡桐麻村为例

从个案研究入手,对少数民族打工的社会文化根源进行了分析,认为少数民族劳动力进城打工,促进了民族地区社会的稳定和发展,也是当前解决少数民族地区"三农"问题现实的办法.     

游牧经济的机动性分析--以古代蒙古族的游牧经济为例

1800年以前,世界的军事优势一直控制在生活在亚欧大陆腹地的游牧民族手中.在此前两千五百多年间,游牧民族曾经在亚欧大陆纵横驰骋,东亚、南亚、西亚和欧洲的许多农业帝国纷纷被来自草原的游牧民族所吞并,其原因何在呢?本文认为,这正是游牧民族独特的生产方式赋予游牧民族的灵活的机动性所致.     

宋代湖南诗僧地域、宗派分布与存诗类型分析

通过数量统计与分析,可以从籍贯、寓寺、宗派、存诗等方面描述宋代湖南诗僧的基本态势。就地域分布而言,宋代湖南诗僧中寓湘诗僧远多于湘籍诗僧,且大多集中寓寺于潭州的长沙与衡山,籍贯与寓寺分布都极不平衡;在宗派方面,几乎所有可考诗僧皆为禅僧,且绝大多数属于临济宗;在诗歌类型方面,所存诗歌以佛门偈颂为主,真正的“文人诗”很有限,推衍至全宋,表明宋代诗僧虽有“士大夫化”倾向,但总体来说仍不离僧徒本位。     

在战争的雨雪中重构故乡——《己卯年雨雪》的一种解读

与《诗经》的战争书写类似,熊育群的抗战小说《己卯年雨雪》借抒写战争的伤痛召唤故乡精魂的归来。但小说中的故乡不再是《诗经》里托物起兴的实情实景,而是带有幻觉性质的建构,是特定历史文化的象征之物。在现代性语境里,作家通过打捞历史遗骸、重建文化记忆的方式寻回故乡,其叙述行为也成为了民族招魂术的一部分。但熊育群在回归传统和保持普世意识间找到了平衡点,避免了陷入文化保守主义之圈,为后来者提供了可供借鉴的经验。     

非常时期列宁关于粮食生产和农村工作的思想及其当代意义

苏俄非常时期,列宁在解决粮食危机的过程中提出了十分丰富的发展粮食生产及农村工作的思想。他提出,“粮食问题是一切问题的基础”,进行国内战争、发展工业以及各项事业,无不依赖于充足的粮食;发展粮食生产必须重视对农业生产的投入,采用新机器和新技术;必须帮助农民获得足够的种子,以利于他们完成播种的任务。他还提出,发展粮食生产需要调动农民的生产积极性,依赖有效的农村工作。他的这些思想对于中国特色社会主义农村建设具有积极的借鉴意义。     

数字化技术在重庆走马镇民间故事中的应用探讨

随着信息技术日新月异的发展,传统的非物质文化遗产保护方式已经不能完全满足需求。为了推动重庆走马镇民间故事的发展,我们将数字化技术引入走马镇民间故事研究中,利用数字化技术为走马镇民间故事注入新的生机和活力。     

基于内生交易费用的农村集体资产股份制改革

以内生交易费用的视角考察现阶段集体资产股份合作制改革,发现股权集体股的设置导致部分资产产权不清晰,股权封闭和政经不分带来合作社的内部监督失效和激励机制不足,从而引起村干部管理者寻租、偷懒等机会主义行为,增加了合作社治理的内生交易费用。苏州市通过集体股确权到户和股权固化,实施合作社“代理记账”,建立村集体财务监管平台和资产交易平台,实现“政经分离”及开放治理等一系列改革措施,明晰了集体资产产权主体,建立了有效的激励约束机制,有利于减少合作社代理人机会主义行为,降低了合作社治理的内生交易费用。苏州经验表明,在农村集体资产股份合作制改革过程中,政府主导力量的恰当发挥是改革的成功前提,同时也要尊重合作社治理的内生动力;通过赋予农民清晰完整的股权,建立顺畅的股权流转体系,有利于合作社内部治理体制的完善;合作社管理者的行为规范还有赖于政府实施的外部监督机制。     

Mixed-effects Models with Skewed Distributions for Time-varying Decay Rate in HIV Dynamics

After initiation of treatment, HIV viral load has multiphasic changes, which indicates that the viral decay rate is a time-varying process. Mixed-effects models with different time-varying decay rate functions have been proposed in literature. However, there are two unresolved critical issues: (i) it is not clear which model is more appropriate for practical use, and (ii) the model random errors are commonly assumed to follow a normal distribution, which may be unrealistic and can obscure important features of within- and among-subject variations. Because asymmetry of HIV viral load data is still noticeable even after transformation, it is important to use a more general distribution family that enables the unrealistic normal assumption to be relaxed. We developed skew-elliptical (SE) Bayesian mixed-effects models by considering the model random errors to have an SE distribution. We compared the performance among five SE models that have different time-varying decay rate functions. For each model, we also contrasted the performance under different model random error assumptions such as normal, Student-t, skew-normal, or skew-t distribution. Two AIDS clinical trial datasets were used to illustrate the proposed models and methods. The results indicate that the model with a time-varying viral decay rate that has two exponential components is preferred. Among the four distribution assumptions, the skew-t and skew-normal models provided better fitting to the data than normal or Student-t model, suggesting that it is important to assume a model with a skewed distribution in order to achieve reasonable results when the data exhibit skewness.     

Functional Partial Linear Single‐index Model

This paper deals with the problem of predicting the real‐valued response variable using explanatory variables containing both multivariate random variable and random curve. The proposed functional partial linear single‐index model treats the multivariate random variable as linear part and the random curve as functional single‐index part, respectively. To estimate the non‐parametric link function, the functional single‐index and the parameters in the linear part, a two‐stage estimation procedure is proposed. Compared with existing semi‐parametric methods, the proposed approach requires no initial estimation and iteration. Asymptotical properties are established for both the parameters in the linear part and the functional single‐index. The convergence rate for the non‐parametric link function is also given. In addition, asymptotical normality of the error variance is obtained that facilitates the construction of confidence region and hypothesis testing for the unknown parameter. Numerical experiments including simulation studies and a real‐data analysis are conducted to evaluate the empirical performance of the proposed method.