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131.
Rolf Sundberg 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》1999,26(2):161-207
This paper tries first to introduce and motivate the methodology of multivariate calibration. Next a review is given, mostly avoiding technicalities, of the somewhat messy theory of the subject. Two approaches are distinguished: the estimation approach (controlled calibration) and the prediction approach (natural calibration). Among problems discussed are the choice of estimator, the choice of confidence region, methodology for handling situations with more variables than observations, near-collinearities (with counter-measures like ridge type regression, principal components regression, partial least squares regression and continuum regression), pretreatment of data, and cross-validation vs true prediction. Examples discussed in detail concern estimation of the age of a rhinoceros from its horn lengths (low-dimensional), and nitrate prediction in waste-water from high-dimensional spectroscopic measurements. 相似文献
132.
Abstract. The paper examines wage linkages between private and public sectors in Sweden by means of Granger causality tests and estimation of error correction models. Wage changes in central and local governments are Granger caused by private sector wage changes. Public sector wage increases involve error correction mechanisms; the lower the relative wage in the past, the higher the current wage increases. Increases in unemployment are associated with relative wage improvements for public sector employees. 相似文献
133.
Identification in organizational contexts: linking theory and research from social and organizational psychology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rolf van Dick 《国际管理评论杂志》2001,3(4):265-283
Research in organizational psychology has shown that commitment to the organization correlates with different criteria of work effectiveness. This paper argues that social psychology and, particularly, the Social Identity Approach to intergroup relations extend the concept of commitment theoretically. Above that, it provides a broader conceptual framework for the understanding of underlying processes in the relation between organizational identification and job-related attitudes and behaviours. This theoretical analysis is completed with a review of empirical findings in different fields of application (group performance, work-related attitudes, group norms). 相似文献
134.
Andreas Zick Ulrich Wagner Rolf van Dick & Thomas Petzel 《The Journal of social issues》2001,57(3):541-557
This article explores the connections between prejudice and specific attitudes toward acculturation in Germany. Results of surveys confirm the hypothesis that prejudice is related to ideologies of assimilation and segregation among majority- group members. Moreover, experimental and correlational studies indicate that these attitudes are linked to discriminatory behavior. Further analyses of studies with ethnic minorities prove that prejudice and acculturation are linked within minority groups as well. Additionally it is shown that prejudice is functional in order for minorities to acculturate. These studies confirm the impression that there is a close link between macrosocial and microsocial levels of coping with migration. 相似文献
135.
Rolf Bergs 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2000,18(3):325-331
Book reviewed in this article: Inge Kaul, Isabelle Grunberg and Marc A. Stern, Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century Lloyd Gruber, Ruling the World: Power Politics and the Rise of Supranational Institutions 相似文献
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139.
Risk of Extreme Events Under Nonstationary Conditions 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The concept of the return period is widely used in the analysis of the risk of extreme events and in engineering design. For example, a levee can be designed to protect against the 100-year flood, the flood which on average occurs once in 100 years. Use of the return period typically assumes that the probability of occurrence of an extreme event in the current or any future year is the same. However, there is evidence that potential climate change may affect the probabilities of some extreme events such as floods and droughts. In turn, this would affect the level of protection provided by the current infrastructure. For an engineering project, the risk of an extreme event in a future year could greatly exceed the average annual risk over the design life of the project. An equivalent definition of the return period under stationary conditions is the expected waiting time before failure. This paper examines how this definition can be adapted to nonstationary conditions. Designers of flood control projects should be aware that alternative definitions of the return period imply different risk under nonstationary conditions. The statistics of extremes and extreme value distributions are useful to examine extreme event risk. This paper uses a Gumbel Type I distribution to model the probability of failure under nonstationary conditions. The probability of an extreme event under nonstationary conditions depends on the rate of change of the parameters of the underlying distribution. 相似文献
140.
Rolf Skylar Chakrabarty Subrata 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2022,33(4):735-751
VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - Many volunteer organizations offer short-term international voluntary service (IVS) opportunities as an avenue for... 相似文献