The way of life of the Hungarian society on the basis of the time budget survey of 1976–1977

The way of life is a topic of central interest in present Hungarian sociology. The time budget survey is considered to be a good method to investigate the way of life. A national survey was performed in 1976–1977. Its results can be compared to an earlier national survey in 1963. The main characteristics of the way of life and the main changes are: The time spent at the workplace changed more slowly than the statutory working time. Income-supplementing working activities are very widespread, most of all in small agricultural plots. These plots are cultivated by almost all social strata residing in villages. The total amount of time spent in household chores diminished and became somewhat more equally shared by women and men. The length of daily contracted and commited time is strongly differentiated by social strata and this differentiation tended to increase.     

Post‐adolescence as a new phase in the family cycle?

This article investigates the phenomenon of post‐adolescence and its implications for the persons affected—both the young people and their parents—as well as for social policy. The emergence of an extended ‘moratorium’ phase for young people still in the educational system, living alone yet financially dependent on their parents is related to changes in the value systems of modern societies, the rising economic prosperity for a greater proportion of the population, the earlier age of achievement of physical maturity as well as to structural transformations at the level of the labour market.     

Neurodegeneration in normal brain aging and disease

Normal "healthy" aging is defined as aging without disease. Many aged people do not exhibit symptoms of disease and lead normal lives, but nonetheless display pathological changes that are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and/or cerebrovascular disease (CVD). These changes are restricted to distinct brain regions and might represent preclinical stages of these disorders. This Perspective discusses arguments in favor of and against the hypothesis that pathological changes related to AD, PD, DLB, and CVD in the brains of nondemented elderly people represent early stages of these diseases rather than healthy aging. We conclude that early pathological disease-related changes do indeed constitute the beginning of AD, PD, DLB, and CVD rather than normal concomitants of aging, even in the absence of any clinical symptoms. Aging is, therefore, a major risk factor for these diseases but does not necessarily lead to age-related diseases.     

Das Geschäft mit der Gewalt

The business with acts of violence. Why the ?disarmament in TV“ does not advance?Media politics and media industry form a fatal alliance by preventing that there are serious limits to presentations of acts of violence in the media. The media lobby is up to now successful in preventing that real conclusions are drawn from the scientific findings of independent researchers on the effects of media violence. The profit of the media industry is more important than the mental health of children and adolescents. The author delineates the consequences for politics, pedagogics and the media industry with some uncomfortable, but effective recommendations.     

Share the Burden or Pass it on?

There are numerous explanations for why Tanzania withdrew from the CRRF (Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework). Being aware that the decision was the sum of multiple coinciding factors the article argues that the decisive features were, firstly, a failed dialogue about the basis and the goals of CRRF between the Tanzanian government and the UN (United Nations); secondly, a disillusion on the Tanzanian side related to the history of international cooperation on refugee issues; and thirdly, a perceived contradiction between the goals of the CRRF and domestic policies, specifically in relation to the agenda of national sovereignty propagated by the incumbent Tanzanian government. Numerous publications on the New York declaration, the CRRF, and the GCR (Global Compact on Refugees) have portrayed the evolution of ideas, principles, and political compromises in question. Yet few analyses highlight which core messages were received on the ground or what impact they had on the very people concerned. This article, therefore will touch only briefly on declarations and statements of the UN and instead focus on a bottom‐up perspective.     

Neue Arbeitswelt,Führung und organisationaler WandelNew Economy,Leadership and Organizational Change.

This article of the journal “Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation.” analyzes and discusses current changes in the working environment with regard to the associated opportunities and risks. Due to the growing dynamism of the markets, digitization, the demographic change and the change of values the importance of flexibility and changeability as central prerequisites for organizational survival is rising constantly. At the same time organizations and employees make higher demands on each other. This shift in the “psychological contract” between employees and organization is discussed in the light of the characteristics of “generation Y”. The article concludes by summarizing consequences of these developments for work in organizations, leadership, change processes and consulting.     

Do immigrants displace young native workers: The Austrian experience

This paper studies the effect of increased immigration in Austria on the unemployment risk of young natives. Austria experienced a dramatic rise in the share of alien workers as a result of the breakdown of the former communist regimes (especially from former Yugoslavia). We concentrate on unemployment entry of young male workers, who are supposed to compete most heavily with new immigrants. Our results indicate that the detrimental impact – if it exists at all – is only minor. This is irrespective of the analyzed proxy for competition: The share of foreign workers in an industry or in a region. Received: 7 March 1996/Accepted: 20 March 1998