Somebody versus nobody: An exploration of the role of celebrity status in an election

This study examines the role celebrity status may play in potential voters’ evaluation of a political candidate presented in a newspaper article. Participants indicated greater intention to vote for a candidate who was a recognizable Hollywood actor than an unknown candidate in a political race, regardless of how substantive the political information provided about the candidate was. This suggests that familiarity with a celebrity can act as a heuristic in peripheral processing. Younger people were more likely to vote for a celebrity candidate than older voters, but how liberal or conservative participants are was not a significant factor in the decision to vote for the celebrity. Nor did participants’ need for cognition or level of political involvement predict intention to vote for the celebrity, suggesting that celebrity status is meaningful to motivated and thoughtful voters as well as those who are less motivated and informed. The possibility is raised that this could be an indication of celebrity status being used as a component of deliberate political decision-making, and future research in this direction is suggested.     

游戏的文学——以韩愈的“戏”为中心

裴度以"戏"批评韩愈文学的游戏倾向;韩愈征引经书,以"戏"来为自己辩解;柳宗元从"有益于世"角度为韩愈的游戏文学辩护."戏"在不同的语境中具有不同意味,与韩愈的文学创作发生着不同的联系.     

Knowledge Management Systems in Multinational Corporations: Typology and Transitional Dynamics

Knowledge Management Systems (KMSs) are becoming part of the agenda in many of today's leading firms. Through in-depth case studies of seven multinational companies (MNCs), examined over a period of four years, we identify four distinctive types of KMS - Fragmented, Content-based, Process-based and Capability-based - and their characteristics. These characteristics include both the structure, dimension and flow of the knowledge itself, and the staffing, training and reward systems in place to support the KMS. Relevant organisational factors influencing KMS design and implementation include the level of resource commitment by the headquarters, the structure of the firm, and the distribution of roles between headquarters and subsidiaries. Key external influences include the degree of environmental change and pressures to follow industry norms in technology investment. Our empirical evidence suggests that while some MNCs adopt the same type of KMS for relatively long periods of time, others transit between different KMS types. Moreover, transitions between types may follow either an increased resource commitment and augmented KMS sophistication, or a decreased resource commitment and reduced KMS complexity. Insights from the strategy-structure-process and change management literatures are utilised to examine these transitions between KMS types. Key lessons for MNC managers are provided in relation to both the initial adoption of a KMS and the handling of transitions between different systems.     

结构助词“的”的使用规律

对结构助词“的”的使用规律。从句子、语义、语用三个平面加以考察。“的”的取舍对句法、语义结构关系产生影响时，必须用“的”；对句法、语义结构的改变没有影响时，“的”的取舍由语用上的需要决定。“的”的取舍在句法、语义规则上具有强制性，在语用规则上具有选择性。     

主体因素：美国联邦宪法形成和发展的能动力

主体因素，即人的因素，是法律或法治形成和发展的主观条件或主观动力。美国联邦宪法之形成和发展，离不开一批具有很强的权利意识和法律意识的社会主体主观努力。这些主体既包括那些创造了宪法的“宪法之父”们，也包括那些创造了宪法修正案和宪法判例的人们，当然也包括那些提起宪法诉讼的当事人。     

论建筑管理法的对象和特征

该文提出建筑管理法调整建筑活动中发生的建筑管理关系以及与其密切联系的建筑协作关系，并探讨了建筑管理法与其它法律部门相区别的若干特征。     

Corporate communications managers in large firms: new challenges

The new organisational form of large corporations (horizontal organisation), is affecting the communications job. This corporate transformation leads to new challenges for the corporate communications manager and his team. On the one hand, he has to develop a fully integrated strategy which enables the different forms of communication to contribute to the success of the firm's mission (a common goal). On the other hand, he has to provide small business units, led by strong front-line managers, with professional services. The analysis of several companies will show that the position of the corporate communications department is subject to various pressures and that the development of the `communications function' is calling into question the corporate communications manager's `profession'.     

经学与汉代的丧葬、祭祀活动及复仇之风

两汉之时，民间习俗深受儒家经学的影响。这也表现在丧葬、祭祀活动和复仇风气方面。当时民间流行的丧葬仪式和随葬器物，人们推出的厚葬或薄葬主张等，大都以经学理论为依据。而盛行一时的复仇之风，更是人们贯彻儒家经义的直接体现。当然，较之早期儒家经典的记载和规定，汉代的一些习俗也发生了某种变异。