关于我国民航法无限额赔偿制度的思考

我国民航法第132条规定的无限额赔偿制度存在不合理之处。该规定将证明承运人主观过错的举证责任交由不具备举证能力的旅客承担,违背了民事诉讼法上举证责任分配的公平原则;在我国部门化立法模式下由民航总局起草的民航法,过于偏重保护承运人利益,与当今国际社会保护消费者利益的立法趋势不符。建议修改民航法,在无限额赔偿制度中实行举证责任倒置,由承运人对其不存在民航法规定的过错承担举证责任。     

Social Security Reform in China's Transition to a Market Economy

This paper begins by describing the origins of a social security system that was based on a series of institutional splits that resulted in the development of a fragmented system characterized by inequity and incomplete coverage. The entitlements embedded in this system have proved difficult to revise in the light of changing circumstances and the pressures associated with economic transition, demographic change and the newly emerging problems of open unemployment and urban poverty. These developments, particularly the latter, are creating new demands on a system already struggling to adjust to structural problems of coverage and financial soundness. A series of extensive reforms in the areas of pensions and unemployment insurance and a rationalization of administrative arrangements and responsibilities have been introduced over the last two decades, but further reform seems inevitable as external pressures and policy priorities change. A key goal of the reform process has been to transfer responsibility for social security from enterprises to the state, but the system still suffers from a series of serious financial problems. Despite the extensive reforms that have already been introduced, these problems and the structural imbalances underlying them will require further action. The most important of these imbalances relate to the split between the nature and role of social security in the urban and rural sectors, the role of the commercial provision and its relationship with the state, and the extension of programmes aimed at poverty alleviation.     

双寡头垄断市场的信息安全投资模型研究

为考虑最优化信息安全投资对电子商务企业的市场竞争行为的影响,本文构建了一个双寡头垄断竞争两阶段博弈的信息安全投资收益模型,第一阶段厂商决定最优的信息安全投资及其收益,第二阶段厂商决定竞争价格.利用本文的最优化信息投资的决策方法分析了具有较高安全性的厂商具有较高的期望收益,证明了信息安全投资可以扩大市场需求和增加利润,并得出在寡占市场条件下的企业最优信息安全投资和均衡的市场价格,证明了率先进行信息安全投资的厂商可以成为市场的领导者的结论,这一理论结果符合现实的电子商务市场竞争结果.本文的信息安全投资模型与方法对在线厂商的信息安全投资决策的制定具有积极的指导作用.     

基于自组织系统的企业和谐主题演化分析

组织和谐管理系统的构建,核心在于对组织和谐主题的认识。组织和谐主题是随组织内外部环境变化而不断演化的,根源在于不同情境下组织自适应体的认知差异,这是组织和谐主题演化的根本动因。在不同认知状态下的组织自适应体可以采取有效的行动来调整组织内部及组织与环境间的关系,实现组织和谐主题的演化,达成组织与环境动态适应的目标。和谐主题的演化就是组织自适应体不断进行自组织以达到和谐状态的过程。     

基于调节焦点理论的领导对下属创造力影响机理研究

本研究从心理学的调节焦点理论切入,构建了基于调节焦点理论的领导对下属创造力影响机理模型。具体探讨领导的行为示范、语言框架及反馈,通过对个体调节焦点与群体共享调节焦点两个层面的共同引导,进而影响下属创造力的作用过程。本研究将丰富并厘清人们对领导提升下属创造力的影响路径与作用规律的认识,并为领导通过日常管理来激发下属创造力提供借鉴与指导。     

交强险的成本因素分析

 内容提要：本文应用聚类分析方法和Beta回归模型对2009年度交强险审计报告所披露的交强险经营数据进行了分析。结果表明,交强险在31个地区的赔付率差异显著,主要影响因素包括人均收入水平、物价指数、人均交通支出和人均车辆数。交强险9个业务类别之间的赔付率差异也很明显,表明现行保费水平存在严重的不公平。各地区的赔付率和费用率之间存在反常的负向相关关系,反映了交强险在费用分摊中存在某种不合理现象。保险公司的经营费用率在不同地区之间和不同业务类别之间都没有显著差异,主要受保险公司业务规模的影响,规模经济效应显著。     

从皮尔士到哈贝马斯的语用思考

回顾20世纪展望21世纪语用学理论的建构、发展及其未来走向,令国内外语言学界所关注.探讨语用学理论的哲学思想基础、语用学流派及其研究方法,特别是20世纪90年代以来出现的新语用推理机制,将展示语用学无限生命力及其跨学科的魅力.     

网络时代与高校思想政治教育的创新

随着网络时代的到来 ,网络日益影响着人们的思想意识 ,这给思想政治教育带来了难得的机遇和严峻的挑战。如何利用网络开展思想政治教育 ,成为教育工作者必须面对的新课题。     

Zone control charts with estimated parameters for detecting prespecified changes in linear profiles

ABSTRACT

In profile monitoring, control charts are proposed to detect unanticipated changes, and it is usually assumed that the in-control parameters are known. However, due to the characteristics of a system or process, the prespecified changes would appear in the process. Moreover, in most applications, the in-control parameters are usually unknown. To overcome these issues, we develop the zone control charts with estimated parameters to detect small shifts of these prespecified changes. The effects of estimation error have been investigated on the performance of the proposed charts. To account for the practitioner-to-practitioner variability, the expected average run length (ARL) and the standard deviation of the average run length (SDARL) is used as the performance metrics. Our results show that the estimation error results in the significant variation in the ARL distribution. Furthermore, in order to adequately reduce the variability, more phase I samples are required in terms of the SDARL metric than that in terms of the expected ARL metric. In addition, more observations on each sampled profile are suggested to improve the charts' performance, especially for small phase I sample sizes. Finally, an illustrative example is given to show the performance of the proposed zone control charts.     

Extension of the pool-adjacent-violators algorithm

The pool-adjacent-violators algorithm (PAVA) is an efficient algorithm which converges in a finite number of steps. However, it has been applicable so far only in isotonic regression with the simple order. This report extends its applicability to other quadratic programming problems, including certain one-sided multivariate testing problems and concave regression problems.