《纽约时报》视野下的上海城市化进程

<纽约时报>是19世纪中期创办的一家美国主流媒体,该报多次报道上海的电稿.为我们体认近代中国社会经济演变的先锋和主角的上海提供了宝贵的历史资料.<纽约时报>留下了上海人口增长的记录;它报道了以外滩为扩展源.以英美租界为中心,不断向周边辐射和扩张的城市化过程;反映了第二、第三产业向上海城市空间的集中和聚集以及城市生活方式和价值观念在上海的普及.上海近代的城市化进程与鸦片战争后不久的开埠直接相关,它是以民族的屈辱、利权的丧失为前提、为代价的.对于包括美国在内的资本主义列强在上海的特权<纽约时报>大唱赞歌,并不道余力地在走私、拒交关税、会公廨、治外法权、租界等涉及中国主权的问题上为自己国家和其他列强辩护,体现了在国内外的双重标准.另一方面<纽约时报>不得不承认在殖民主义、资本主义掌控下的上海租界在近代化进程中存在着严重的黑暗面,承认上海有苦力、有骚乱和刑事犯罪,揭露英国人的贩毒活动,但时于同在上海的本国人的鸦片贸易却保持沉默,不置一词.在多重利益的驱动和制约下.<纽约时报>要想完全讲真话、讲实话是不大可能的.     

转向空间：媒介地理中的空间与景观研究

传播与媒介研究长期忽视空间的概念.当下媒介地理学所关注的空间,在邻里、城市、区域、国家等所有尺度上,都不是简单的观念,而是各种现象的综合体;也不只是自然的、地理的,还是社会的和媒介的.不同的空间向度既可被视为具体的物质形式,也可看作是精神层面的多种建构,具有观念形态的特征.媒介特别是电子媒介的广泛介入极大地推动了空间复苏和空间转向,使得人类的空间感由实境转向虚境,由亲身体验转向媒介体验,于是本来以呈现和表达社会为己任的媒介反而成为社会必须关注、使用和依赖的对象,否则会威胁到它生存与发展的空间.     

基于人力因素的企业制度变迁分析

本文从人力因素的角度 ,对企业制度变迁的原因进行分析。人力因素经济价值的提高 ,越来越要求节约交易费用 ,因而对企业的产权模式存在选择 ;知识在诸生产要素中相对重要性的提高 ,导致了人力因素在分配制度上 ,产生了“积极货币”拥有者对利益分配的新要求 ;人力因素对企业组织制度的影响 ,是人力因素适应市场特点的要求     

唐太宗的军事艺术

唐太宗尚未成年即开始了戎马生涯 ,多次平定地方割据叛乱 ,抵抗突厥入侵 ,每每大获全胜 ,为唐朝的缔造、巩固和国威远扬奠定下坚实的基础。他的军事艺术十分高超 ,诸如知彼知己、兵不厌诈、欲取故纵、骄寇夺志、虚实相兼等 ,都运用得相当纯熟     

水稻幼苗硝酸还原酶与叶绿素和硝态氮的含量及铵态氮吸收的关系

三种蛋白质含量不同的水稻品种,其幼苗的硝酸还原酶的活力不同,叶绿素和硝态氮的含量也不同,凡叶绿素和硝态氮含量高的其硝酸还原酶的活力也高,凡叶绿素和硝态氮含量低的其硝酸还原酶的活力也低,华03的谷粒蛋白质含量高,其幼苗根系对铵态氮的吸收能力也强。上述结果说明,蛋白质含量不同的水稻品种,其生理生化差异在幼苗期已表现对氮的吸收和利用不同。     

基于POT-GPD损失分布的农业自然灾害VAR估算

 近年来,干旱、洪涝、雪灾等极端气象灾害频发,强烈冲击农业生产和粮食安全,科学估算农业自然灾害给粮食产出带来的风险价值,对预警农业自然灾害、确保粮食安全具有重要意义。文章针对农业自然灾害大灾损失的低频高损、数据稀少的特点,采用极值理论中的POT 模型对历史观测值超阀值数据进行建模,运用GPD模型对农业自然大灾损失进行拟合,模拟计算农业自然灾害VAR值,为农业自然灾害预警和粮食安全储备提供科学依据。     

Motivational or dispositional? The type of inference shapes the effectiveness of leader anger expressions

Existing leadership research has presented conflicting views on the effects of leader anger expressions. The present research aims to reconcile these findings by proposing that the type of inferences followers make (i.e., motivation-focused inference or trait-focused inference) is a key factor determining the outcomes of leader anger expressions. Through one survey study (Study 1) and two experimental studies (Studies 2 and 3), the present research indicates that the effectiveness of leader anger expressions is associated with the type of inferences followers draw from the anger. In general, we found support for the negative relationship between trait-focused inferences and leader effectiveness, but were unable to properly test the positive relationship between motivation-focused inferences and leader effectiveness due to the lack of appropriate instrumental variables. We also investigated whether followers' implicit theories of personality (i.e., entity versus incremental theory) would moderate the effect of leader anger expressions on the type of inferences made by followers, which in turn shapes leader effectiveness. The results of Study 3 provide evidence of the moderating role of implicit theories of personality. Theoretical contributions and practical implications of the present research are discussed.     

金融支持与产业集群发展:西部三省(市)的经验证据

西部经济要取得长期增长,客观上要求优势产业率先集群发展,这需要金融部门对产业集群发展提供强力支持。文章采用2000~2009年四川、陕西和重庆三省(市)数据,运用面板计量方法,对三省(市)金融与产业集群的关系进行实证研究。研究发现:西部大开发以来,西部三省(市)金融发展显著促进了产业集群发展,控制变量中的政府干预、外商直接投资和中央财政转移支付也促进了产业集群发展,这显示西部三省(市)产业集群形成和发展是一个受多种因素影响的复杂过程,这应引起政策制定部门重视。     

Empirical likelihood and Wilks phenomenon for data with nonignorable missing values

Wilks's theorem is useful for constructing confidence regions. When applying the popular empirical likelihood to data with nonignorable nonresponses, Wilks's phenomenon does not hold. This paper unveils that this is caused by the extra estimation of the nuisance parameter in the nonignorable nonresponse propensity. Motivated by this result, we propose an adjusted empirical likelihood for which Wilks's theorem holds. Asymptotic results are presented and supplemented by simulation results for finite sample performance of the point estimators and confidence regions. An analysis of a data set is included for illustration.     

Credulity rather than general trust may increase vulnerability to fraud in older adults: a moderated mediation model

The present study aimed to clarify whether it is credulity or general trust that specifically affects vulnerability to fraud, as well as investigating the mediating role of susceptibility to persuasion and the moderating role of greed in this relationship. 254 Chinese older adults completed measures of credulity, general trust, susceptibility to persuasion, greed, and vulnerability to fraud. The results showed that credulity, but not general trust, was positively correlated with vulnerability to fraud, after controlling for demographic covariates. Susceptibility to persuasion partially mediated the effect of credulity on vulnerability to fraud. In addition, this mediating effect of susceptibility to persuasion was only significant in older adults with higher levels of greed. Our findings suggest that credulity, rather than general trust, is a risk factor in vulnerability to fraud among older adults, and may inform the development of supportive interventions to reduce this population’s risk of falling victim to fraud.