On the historical determinants of third sector strength: A qualitative comparative analysis

This study proposes a theoretical explanation for the main causes of the third sector's strength. A Boolean comparative analysis based mainly on the theoretical frameworks of Rokkan and Esping-Andersen indicates that the combination of state-supported urban interests and Protestantism are necessary conditions. This result is very close to Max Weber's explanation of civil society which presupposes the facilitating role of the autonomous state. Thus, the empirical results are reinterpreted within the context of a Weberian explanatory framework. The implications of this endeavor within the historical context of developing countries are further explicated.     

汉代短书:先秦两汉小说概念的联结点

小说在先秦时期只是一个普通的词语概念,发展至两汉时期则变成了目录学上的分类概念。汉代短书在这一重大的转变过程中起着极为关键的作用。短书本是客观的文字载体,但在汉代儒家文化环境中,它又与尊贵的"长书"相对,具有类似于先秦小说的文化含义,因此,汉代短书能够使先秦小说一词中所蕴含的文化意义与小说的物质载体联结起来。这种联结在经典目录学著作《汉志》小说家类目中得到固定,从而完成中国早期小说概念的重大转变。     

基于供应链中不确定性的生产计划研究

供应链管理环境下的企业,将面临复杂多变的市场环境,信息的多源性、多态性和不确定性,增加了其在供应链环境下制定生产计划的复杂性和难度。其中,供应链信息的不确定性表现形式主要有:下游需求的不确定性供应商的不确定性、计划的不确定性,以及生产的不确定性。为了降低企业生产计划的确定性应该做到以下几个方面:增强市场预测的准确度,直接从市场获取信息,减少中间环节;建立合理的生产管理制度,提高计划系统的信息化水平;生产过程的优化与控制;采用滚动式柔性计划方法。     

Will they stay or will they go? How network properties of WebICs predict dropout rates of valuable Wikipedians

This paper contributes to our understanding of an increasingly prevalent work system, web-based internet communities (WebICs). We are particularly interested in how WebICs are governed given the fact how different they are compared to more classical forms of organization. We study the governance of a WebIC by studying the structure and dynamics of their edit network. Given the fact that the edit network is a relational structure, social network analysis is key to understanding these work systems. We demonstrate that characteristics of the edit network contribute to predicting the dropout hazard of valuable WebIC members. Since WebICs exist only thanks to the activity of their contributors, predicting drop-outs becomes crucial. The results show that reputation and controversy have different effects for different types of Wikipedians; i.e., an actor’s reputation decreases the dropout hazard of active Wikipedians, while participation on controversial pages decreases the dropout hazard of highly active Wikipedians.     

Network influence and organizational performance: The effects of tie strength and structural equivalence

We combine theory and empirical evidence to develop and test three related claims about how ties strength and structural equivalence affect interorganizational performance similarity. First, network partners attain similar levels of performance because direct network ties facilitate information and resource sharing, and the diffusion of organizational practices. Organizations occupying similar network positions attain similar levels of performance because they face similar competitive constraints. Second, because mechanisms underlying performance similarity implied by direct network ties and similarity in network positions are different, strength of network ties and network position affect different dimensions of organizational performance. Third, we expect that tie strength will affect aspects of performance that are more likely to be influenced by processes activated by the direct contact between network partners. We expect structural equivalence to affect more strongly those aspects of organizational performance that are more directly influenced by competition. An analysis of interorganizational networks and organizational performance within a regional community of hospitals provides evidence in support of these claims. Models estimated on a sample of 8190 interorganizational dyads suggest that the effects of tie strength and structural equivalence on organizational performance are highly differentiated and contingent on specific aspects of performance. We show that these conclusions are robust with respect to a wide variety of other factors that may be responsible for performance similarity including competitive interdependence, structural homophily, and resource complementarity.     

How do actors shape social networks during the process of new product development?

Recent studies on new-idea generation and development have highlighted the role played by network structure in the genesis of new combinations or the process of selecting ideas. However, less attention has been paid to the factors that entice actors to shape social networks during the process of the development of new ideas.This research was conducted in an R&D facility of a semi-conductor company. We analysed the generation of five creative projects and their development over a four-year period. We used a longitudinal approach and collected data through interviews and observations to identify the creative contributions and the actors who were involved at different time periods for each project. We mapped the relationships between actors who contributed to the development of each idea through creative thinking and/or helped it to become accepted both internally and externally over three-year windows. This method generated data on network evolution.We also carried out a qualitative analysis and identified four main factors explaining why actors turn to others during the idea-development process: (1) to gain access to information; (2) to enhance credibility; (3) to exercise one’s influence; and (4) to gain access to knowledge through people or objects. We demonstrate that different types of ties or network structures are relied upon to reap different kinds of benefits. This may partially explain network evolution as an idea progresses through different development stages.     

全球化时代发展中国家与跨国企业的角力

全球化是国际关系研究中的重要现象,跨国企业则是全球化现象的重要媒介和载体。直至上世纪80年代初,跨国企业仍被大部分发展中国家的政府视为发达国家经济侵略发展中国家的工具。现在政府对跨国企业的友善态度,可以说是服从于全球化进程中的世界经济深刻转变局面下所出现的逻辑变化。这些相关过程充分改变了跨国企业与发展中国家的关系,双方不断调整本身的方针及策略,争取与全球新形势下的现实接轨。本文尝试回顾及检视跨国企业与发展中国家两者关系中出现的转变,并进而指出考虑跨国企业的问题时,需要将有关研究视角放置于全球经济整体增长的背景当中。在全球化时代,发展中国家及跨国企业应视双方之间的关系为一种互补的关系,这种互补性有助国家提升资源运用及相关素质能力。发展中国家只有正确认识及合理利用跨国企业,才能积极推动政治建设和社会经济的持续发展。     

论汪曾祺文化意识的民间性

自 8 0年代以来 ,有关汪曾祺的研究 ,基本上是从时间维度出发 ,更多地关注了其与中国传统文化的关系 ,认为他的文化意识及其审美态度 ,主要渊源于儒、道、佛 ,或者是三者的圆通与整合。这种认识 ,在汪曾祺的研究中占有突出的地位 ,基本上代表了近 2 0年来的研究向度和主要成果。本文则从空间维度着眼 ,在整个 2 0世纪的文化背景上 ,对汪曾祺的生活与创作进行了一番宏观上的审视与考察 ,发现其文化方位实际上是属于民间的。正是其文化意识的民间性 ,决定了他在当代文学史上的独特价值和意义     

传统仁爱精神与社会主义公德建设

崇尚仁爱,是中华民族的优良道德传统。仁爱精神在一定程度上就是古代中国社会的公德意识。仁爱在社会主义公德建设中仍具有重要继承价值。