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341.
This paper examines information networks on social media to draw conclusions about influence relationships among members of the mass media. The project considers social networks and information patterns using Twitter data, first at the newspaper level and second at the journalist level. Using a computational approach, we look for evidence of elite-directed information flows, as well as exploring whether we find evidence of an increase in the democratization of newsmaking. This study finds that elite voices continue to dominate information networks in the digital age; however, it also finds evidence that information can move expeditiously from journalists in local and regional outlets to elite ones, and vice versa. We move further to explore the content of tweets among the journalist network, finding that there are substantial, direct interactions among elite and regional and local journalists. Our results taken together uncover new network patterns and provide a novel insight on the role of information technologies in newsmaking in the digital age. 相似文献
342.
Previous research has indicated that although spirituality may bolster development of a positive gay identity, religiosity may prove detrimental. Because the majority of this research confounds these constructs, there is little evidence as to the discrete roles religiosity and spirituality may play in LGB identity development. The present study endeavored to tease apart the unique effects of religion and spirituality on positive and negative gay identity and self-esteem. A sample of 376 self-identified sexual minority adults were given measures of religiosity, spirituality, LGB identity, and self-esteem. Models were built to evaluate the effects of religiosity (independent of spirituality) and spirituality (independent of religiosity), understanding that the constructs are greatly overlapped, on identity and self-esteem. Results included a positive association between spirituality and identity affirmation, identity superiority, and self-esteem. Religiosity was negatively associated with identity affirmation and self-esteem and positively associated with internalized homonegativity and heteronormativity. Limitations and implications are discussed. 相似文献
343.
344.
Kwangsu Moon Kyehoon Lee Kyounga Lee 《Journal of Organizational Behavior Management》2017,37(1):63-74
This study investigated the interaction effects of feedback content type (social comparison feedback vs. objective feedback) and two different performance levels (high vs. low) on work performance. One hundred fifty participants were recruited and asked to perform a simulated work task in a preliminary session. Based on their performance, the upper 40% (high performance) and lower 40% (low performance) groups were selected for the main experiment. Participants in each group were randomly assigned to the two different experimental conditions: objective feedback and social comparison feedback. For the participants in the objective feedback condition, information on the number of correctly completed work tasks was provided. For the participants in the social comparison feedback condition, rank information on their performance was provided. The results indicated that social comparison feedback was more effective than objective feedback for the high performers, but was less effective for the low performers. 相似文献
345.
In order to contribute to providing a methodology to ensure objectivity and transparency in the measurement of multidimensional poverty, this paper proposes a new threshold for the identification of the multidimensional poor which is also applicable to each of the dimensions of poverty, suitable for identifying the severely poor in developed countries. This new methodology is applied to analyse the evolution of material deprivation in Spain during the period of economic crisis, comparing the results with those obtained using other traditional approaches. 相似文献
346.
Byeong Moon Kim Yoomi Rho Byung Chul Song 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2017,33(4):1257-1265
An L(2, 1)-labeling for a graph \(G=(V,E)\) is a function f on V such that \(|f(u)-f(v)|\ge 2\) if u and v are adjacent and f(u) and f(v) are distinct if u and v are vertices of distance two. The L(2, 1)-labeling number, or the lambda number \(\lambda (G)\), for G is the minimum span over all L(2, 1)-labelings of G. When \(P_{m}\times C_{n}\) is the direct product of a path \(P_m\) and a cycle \(C_n\), Jha et al. (Discret Appl Math 145:317–325, 2005) computed the lambda number of \(P_{m}\times C_{n}\) for \(n\ge 3\) and \(m=4,5\). They also showed that when \(m\ge 6\) and \(n\ge 7\), \(\lambda (P_{m}\times C_{n})=6\) if and only if n is the multiple of 7 and conjectured that it is 7 if otherwise. They also showed that \(\lambda (C_{7i}\times C_{7j})=6\) for some i, j. In this paper, we show that when \(m\ge 6\) and \(n\ge 3\), \(\lambda (P_m\times C_n)=7\) if and only if n is not a multiple of 7. Consequently the conjecture is proved. Here we also provide the conditions on m and n such that \(\lambda (C_m\times C_n)\le 7\). 相似文献
347.
348.
Carole A. Rayburn Donna J. Goetz Suzanne L. Osman 《International Journal of Value-Based Management》2001,14(1):11-26
The relationship between leadership and sports was analyzed. Peer influence was most important, with that of teachers and parents seeming to have a second-order effect as perceived through peers. Each gender benefitted more in leadership when mentored by their own gender, especially so for women. In work settings, men reported more leadership learning and encouragement than did women. Women experienced more frustration in participating in games and sports in school, the encouragement and continued mentoring being insufficient. Harragan's 1977 thesis that the corporate world and the playing field of sports and high-level policy-making have a male schema was borne out. 相似文献
349.
Suzanne M. Sinke 《Gender Issues》1999,17(1):26-51
This case study of language shift among turn-of-the-century Dutch Protestant immigrants highlights how language operates to
create and reinforce social systems of meaning. The author describes how gender variations in language acquisition relate
to social and economic positions of the migrants and their age at arrival. At the individual, familial, and ethnic group level,
language acquisition was genedered. Men and women had different reasons for learning or preserving their language, with women
occupying the extremes of both innovation and retention. Using socioloinguists' interviews, immigrant letters, literary works,
and a variety of other sources, the author argues that the relative absence of gender and class distinctions in English grammar
reinforced a particular vision of America that also included freedom from these elements.
She is the coeditor with Rudolph Vecoli of A Century of European Migrations (1991), and author of a forthcoming book on Dutch immigrant women. 相似文献
350.
Using a unique sample of couples with children, we estimate the gender gap in economic well-being after marital separation, something that previous studies of individuals who divorce have not been able to do. The income-to-needs levels of formerly married mothers are only 56% those of their former husbands. The postseparation gender gap is reduced if the wife was employed full-time and was an above-average earner before marital disruption. The gap is also relatively small among the least economically independent wives, those who were not employed before separation. For the latter group, the husband's relatively low income tends to reduce the gender gap. 相似文献