Older Drivers Retiring From the Road: An Application of the Selection,Optimization, and Compensation Model

Purpose: This study uses the selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) model to compare older adults who have given up driving, those who still drive, and those who drive less to identify differences in the three groups. Design and Methods: This cross-sectional study of 281 older adults is part of the Naturally Occurring Retirement Community Demonstration Project. Study participants completed interviews that included questions on demographics, health and functioning, mental health, social support, and current levels of engagement in activities including current driving status. Results: Data suggest that driving retirement is a process and that a substantial number of people are in the transitional stage, where they are less functional than those who still drive and more similar to those who have retired from the road. Implications: Given the similarity of those who drive less to those who have given up driving, front-line professionals and policy makers must work together to ease the transition to driving retirement for those without adequate ability to effectively compensate for their inability to continue to drive safely.     

Optimal control strategies for dividend payments and capital injections in compound Markov binomial risk model with penalties for deficits

We consider the compound Markov binomial risk model. The company controls the amount of dividends paid to the shareholders as well as the capital injections in order to maximize the cumulative expected discounted dividends minus the discounted capital injections and the discounted penalties for deficits prior to ruin. We show that the optimal value function is the unique solution of an HJB equation, and the optimal control strategy is a two-barriers strategy given the current state of the Markov chain. We obtain some properties of the optimal strategy and the optimal condition for ruining the company. We offer a high-efficiency algorithm for obtaining the optimal strategy and the optimal value function. In addition, we also discuss the optimal control problem under a restriction of bounded dividend rates. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the algorithm and the impact of the penalties.     

Three Gorges Project: Effects of Resettlement on the Environment in the Reservoir Area and Countermeasures

Environmental problems resulting from human displacement and resettlement are considered to be secondary impacts of hydro projects. There is a significant gap in knowledge concerning the environmental consequences of resettlement of the Three Gorges project (TGP), China. This study examines critical environmental problems associated with the TGP resettlement. It reveals that the contradiction between the land inundation and demand for land in resettling rural residents is a critical environmental issue. On the positive side, countermeasures that are discussed include: engineering works for farmland protection, developing eco-agriculture, reforestation and constructing a green belt in the peripheral zone of the reservoir, and adjustments to resettlement policy.     

The importance of spirituality among gay and lesbian individuals

Religion is a conduit for expressing spirituality. Since most mainstream religions condemn any form of homosexuality one would expect that gay men and lesbians would have little to do with spirituality. Experts, however, believe that gay and lesbian individuals would especially benefit from spiritual nourishment because of the oppression they face. Using an instrument that measures spiritual well-being, this study investigated the spirituality of 93 gay and lesbian individuals. The findings revealed that respondents espoused high levels of spiritual well-being: how one relates to God (religious well-being) and how one feels about life (existential well-being). Those who identified with a formal religion and who attended religious services frequently espoused higher religious well-being. Respondents with a diagnosis of depression, on the other hand, espoused lower existential well-being. Multiple regression analyses revealed that existential well-being was a significant predictor of adjustment: having high self-esteem, accepting one's homosexual orientation, and feeling less alienated. In contrast, religious well-being was not a significant predictor of any measure of adjustment. These findings point to the importance of the existential aspect of spirituality among gay and lesbian individuals in determining adjustment. They also suggest that being well-adjusted does not entail being reconciled with a traditional religion or with a theistic belief.     

中国功能性分配格局的国际比较研究

 在当前的研究文献中,我国学者在对中国劳动收入份额进行国际比较时,通常在两个方面产生混乱：一是我国收入法GDP中的劳动者报酬指标包含了非公司业主的混合收入,采用的是宽口径的概念,而SNA1993中的雇员报酬概念却并不包括混合收入,是窄口径的概念。因此,根据我国收入法GDP数据直接计算出的劳动收入份额并不具有国际可比性;二是2004年我国收入法GDP的统计口径本身发生了变动,使得我国2004年前后的劳动收入份额也不具有可比性。本文首先以2004年的经济普查数据为基础,对自我雇佣者的混合收入按照宽、中、窄三种口径进行调整,基本消除了上述的两个不可比因素;其次,以调整后的可比数据为基础,本文对我国宽、中、窄口径的劳动收入份额进行了全面的国际比较,得到的结论更为稳健可靠。结果发现：如果采用窄口径的劳动报酬概念,我国的劳动收入份额不仅低于发达国家的平均水平15～20个百分点,也低于发展中国家的平均水平超过4个百分点。     

硝基漆稀释剂的研制

以酯、酮、醇和苯类为原料．经过调整配方，研制了一种颜色浅（小于１号）、酸价小、胶凝数大于１、白化性能好、质量符合ＨＧ２—６６０－７４Ｘ＝１标准要求的硝基漆稀释剂．     

我国不同经济类型地区深入开展计划生育"三结合"的建议

实事求是地阐述了我国经济贫困地区、欠发达地区和较发达地区深入开展计划生育“三结合”的对策建议     

浅议我国上市公司真实性审计

针对我国上市公司会计信息失真的情况，从上市公司方面和独立审计方面对真实性审计存在的问题进行剖析，提出了提高上市公司真实性审计的有效对策。     

欧拉函数φ（n）的两个估计式

探讨了当ｘ≥１，ｋ为负整数时，欧拉函数的ｋ次方和的估计式，并得到欧拉函数对数和的估计式，式中为素数，求和号下的ｐ过全体素数，，式中为素数，求和号下的ｐ过全体素数。