美国竞选财政制度初探

美国竞选财政制度是美国政治制度中争议最多的问题之一。由于利益集团政策参与的需求和竞选人竞选的需要 ,美国的竞选捐赠日益加剧 ,捐赠规模日趋膨胀 ,并在一定程度上导致了决策过程中利益代表性的偏差。由此 ,美国早期的法律就对利益集团的竞选捐赠进行限制 ,2 0世纪 4 0年代以来 ,美国关于竞选财政制度改革的立法不断。但改革遇到利益需求和关于合宪性问题等种种障碍 ,步履维艰。美国政治中的这一两难状况是其政治体制所使然 ,有关竞选财政制度改革的争论仍将继续下去。     

从美国金融危机看金融安全问题

美国金融危机始于2007年夏季，之后迅速蔓延到世界各主要经济体，对各国金融安全和全球经济发展带来了威胁和挑战。为了维护金融的安全与稳定，各国不但要提高对金融安全问题的重视程度、增强对金融创新风险防范的能力、完善金融监管体系，还要加强国际区域金融合作，并为构建新型的国际金融体系作出不懈努力。     

20世纪90年代亚洲金融危机与本次金融危机的比较分析

20世纪90年代的亚洲金融危机和本次金融危机是近年来两次主要的世界性金融危机.从金融机构的安全性、流动性和盈利性经营原则来分析两次危机的风险形成机制,可以得出对我国金融改革有益的启示:即必须全面看待创新的效益和影响,加强金融监管,防范金融机构过度追求盈利性带来的系统风险.     

劳动关系的社会控制与政府角色

法律是政府实现社会控制和社会工程的措施之一。《劳动合同法》对政府在劳动关系调整中的角色进行了强化,尤其是凸显了政府运用法律去开展社会工程和推动社会发展的作用。政府从以往对劳动关系变化的单纯应对,发展为对劳动关系和社会发展进行系统的导向。     

A framework for food supply chain digitalization: lessons from Thailand

Abstract

The promise of digitalization is enormous and nowhere is it more critical than in its potential to transform food supply chain. Consumers have become more educated and are demanding real-time updated information on foods they consumed through digital media. They are also increasingly demanding to know if the foods they consume are environmentally and socially sustainable or not. As a result, food product traceability, safety, and sustainability issues have become crucial concerns to food retailers, distributors, processors, and farmers. Digitalization allows food supply chains to be highly connected, efficient, and responsive to customer needs and regulation requirements. However, digitalizing a traditional food supply chain is challenging and resource demanding. This is more so for developing countries where moving food from farms to consumers can take months as it travels through an array of middlemen. Unfortunately, little is available in the existing literature on food supply chain digitalization. So far, current researchers mainly explore the benefits of digitalization. Using cases in three companies, this paper explores the practices, challenges, and opportunities faced by Thailand food manufacturers in digitalizing their food supply chains. A framework for food supply chain digitalization is proposed and its implications for research and practices are discussed.     

安徽省印刷企业"十五"宏观调控基本方略的思考

顺应市场经济发展的规律,对印刷企业的发展进行总量、结构、布局宏观调控,规划出"十五"后三年的发展框架,有益于改进目前印刷企业低水平重复、整体效益不高,竞争秩序不规范等问题,以便形成一个公平竞争、经营规范、布局合理、建康有序的安徽印刷市场的新型体系.     

“三个代表”与社会主义法律价值追求

“三个代表”的思想不仅是全面加强新时期党的建设的伟大纲领 ,也是与社会主义的法律价值追求是一致的 ,社会主义法律存在和完善的合理性在于其是保护中国先进生产力发展的法律 ,是保障中国先进文化前进方向的法律 ,是保障中国最广大人民根本利益的法律     

Development of a Screening Approach to Interpret Human Biomonitoring Data on Volatile Organic Compounds: Reverse Dosimetry on Biomonitoring Data for Trichloroethylene

A screening approach is developed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to estimate exposures that correspond to levels measured in fluids and/or tissues in human biomonitoring studies. The approach makes use of a generic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model coupled with exposure pattern characterization, Monte Carlo analysis, and quantitative structure property relationships (QSPRs). QSPRs are used for VOCs with minimal data to develop chemical-specific parameters needed for the PBPK model. The PBPK model is capable of simulating VOC kinetics following multiple routes of exposure, such as oral exposure via water ingestion and inhalation exposure during shower events. Using published human biomonitoring data of trichloroethylene (TCE), the generic model is evaluated to determine how well it estimates TCE concentrations in blood based on the known drinking water concentrations. In addition, Monte Carlo analysis is conducted to characterize the impact of the following factors: (1) uncertainties in the QSPR-estimated chemical-specific parameters; (2) variability in physiological parameters; and (3) variability in exposure patterns. The results indicate that uncertainty in chemical-specific parameters makes only a minor contribution to the overall variability and uncertainty in the predicted TCE concentrations in blood. The model is used in a reverse dosimetry approach to derive estimates of TCE concentrations in drinking water based on given measurements of TCE in blood, for comparison to the U.S. EPA's Maximum Contaminant Level in drinking water. This example demonstrates how a reverse dosimetry approach can be used to facilitate interpretation of human biomonitoring data in a health risk context by deriving external exposures that are consistent with a biomonitoring data set, thereby permitting comparison with health-based exposure guidelines.     

Online coupon consumption problem

Nowadays, it is popular that the dealer makes profits by selling a kind of discount coupons, which can be used as money to purchase commodities with total cost less than or equal to the face value of the coupon. We can purchase a coupon at a price of 0<s≤1 times its face value and the number of potential purchasable coupons is a given integer l. The customer has the option to buy the goods by cash completely or by a discount coupon. However, each piece of goods can only use one coupon and the coupon used must have enough balance for the goods. The objective is to minimize the total cost for purchasing all the goods. In this paper, we reduce the problem to a special bin packing model. We consider the online problems for all 0<s≤1 and 1≤l≤∞. We present optimal online algorithms for all 0<s≤1 when l=∞ and l=1. For 2≤l<∞, we give both a lower bound and an algorithm, and show the algorithm is optimal for l=2. A preliminary version of this paper appeared in the proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Combinatorics, Algorithms, Probabilistic and Experimental Methodologies, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Y. Jiang supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Y605316). Z. Tan supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (10671177, 60021201).     

《挂枝儿》语词拾零

明代冯梦龙编辑的民歌集<挂枝儿>保留了相当数量的新兴的口语成分原貌,是研究明代词语的宝库.这些材料虽经学者发明,但仍有新词新义值得作进一步梳理.例如"波""一向""的当""寡茶""闯寡门""统口""一丢"等等.这些词语不仅大型语言词典失收,其他论文论著也少提及.此文训释词语10条.