The differences of sarcopenia-related phenotypes: effects of gender and population

Sarcopenia is a serious condition especially in the elderly population mainly characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with aging. Extremity skeletal muscle mass index (EMMI) (sum of skeletal muscle mass in arms and legs/height²) is gaining popularity in sarcopenia definition (less than two standard deviations below the mean of a young adult reference group), but little is known about the gender- and population-specific differences of EMMI. This study aimed at investigating the differences of EMMI, arm muscle mass index (AMMI), and leg muscle mass index (LMMI) between gender groups and populations (Chinese vs. Caucasians). The participants included 1,809 Chinese and 362 Caucasians with normal weight aged from 19 to 45 years old. Extremity muscle mass, arm muscle mass, and leg muscle mass were measured by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Independent sample t tests were used to analyze the differences in muscle mass indexes between the studied groups. All the study parameters including EMMIs, AMMIs, and LMMIs were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.0003) in the Caucasian group than in the Chinese group and also higher in the male group than in the female group, and these significant differences (P ≤ 0.0005) remained after adjusting for age by simple regressions. The detected differences of muscle mass indexes between different gender and ethnic groups may provide important implications in their different risk of future sarcopenia.     

A note on hierarchical scheduling on two uniform machines

This paper studies online hierarchical scheduling on two uniform machines with the objective to minimize makespan. Machines are provided with different capability, i.e., the one with speed s can schedule all jobs, while the other one with speed 1 can only process partial jobs. Optimal algorithms for any 0<s<∞ are given in the paper. For 0<s<1, it has a competitive ratio of min{1+s,1+\frac1+s1+s+s²}\min\{1+s,1+\frac{1+s}{1+s+s^{2}}\} . For s>1, the competitive ratio is min{\frac1+ss,1+\frac2s1+s+s²}\min\{\frac{1+s}{s},1+\frac{2s}{1+s+s^{2}}\} .     

地铁经济与广州国家中心城市建设

地铁经济对城市的发展具有重要作用。广州正在建设国家中心城市,通过地铁建设带动产业发展,提升城市竞争力,是一个不容忽视的战略选择。文章就此提出了具体的政策建议。     

国家治理视域下民族互嵌型社区建设的五维考察与优化策略——基于2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据分析

在基层推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的基础性工作,突显了加强社区治理体系和治理能力现代化建设的极其重要性。国家治理是对“五位一体”总体布局的全面治理,民族互嵌型社区作为一种特殊的社区类型,在国家治理视域下推进民族互嵌型社区建设,应以民主型自治社区、互助型爱心社区、体验型幸福社区、和谐型平安社区、健康型美丽社区等五维内涵为指向,并基于2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据实证考察民族互嵌型社区的五维建设成效。根据五维建设中存在的相关问题或不足之处展开成因分析,在此基础上提出相应的优化策略。     

survey在教学中的运用与实践

本文对survey在教学中的运用与实践加以浅析。     

动态多级安全系统安全标记的格模型

分析了安全标记的概念,给出了安全标记的形式化定义,并建立了动态多级安全标记的格模型理论。格模型理论回答了动态多级安全系统的安全标记集合在数学上应形成格,解决了两安全标记比较时上、下确界的存在性问题,为多级安全性从静态安全政策,通过该策略的历史敏感性特征转化为动态安全政策奠定了理论基础。     

Is Public Space Suited to Co-operative Inquiry?

This article questions the nature of the philosophical commitment to the problem of 'the public' in modernity. To what extent does the natural form of the public determine the use and value of the instruments of pragmatism in the public-private divide. In this interpretation, John Dewey's ideas about 'the public' are presented in terms of how to solve a specific problem through what he sees as 'co-operative inquiry'. The article also examines the role of public space in the process of democratization through the potential of co-operative inquiry. More often than not, it appears that the politics of public space may be both detrimental and/or beneficial to its end-users in China, Europe, the Americas, Africa, and the rest of Asia.     

中小企业新产品开发关键成功因素的识别及其实证研究

创新对于公司绩效的重要性引致了许多关于识别新产品开发成功因素的研究。然而,这些研究的大部分都是针对发达经济或是大型企业的;对于中小企业在新兴市场中如何开发新产品研究则相对较少。这篇论文试图分析中国中小企业新产品开发的成功因素以弥补这一研究的空缺。不同于传统的分析方法将新产品开发的每一阶段的成功因素都认为是同质的,我们对于新产品开发过程的每个阶段的成功因素从管理的角度来进行审视。我们发现我国中小企业在创意设想阶段并不将经济回报作为首要标准。虽然各成功因素的相对重要性在不同阶段会有所不同,技术、营销、商业性、管理等因素在所有阶段都是重要的。这个结果对于中小企业在新产品开发的各个阶段如何开发和管理新产品有一定的启示作用。