A visualization method measuring the performance of biomarkers for guiding treatment decisions

Biomarkers that predict efficacy and safety for a given drug therapy become increasingly important for treatment strategy and drug evaluation in personalized medicine. Methodology for appropriately identifying and validating such biomarkers is critically needed, although it is very challenging to develop, especially in trials of terminal diseases with survival endpoints. The marker‐by‐treatment predictiveness curve serves this need by visualizing the treatment effect on survival as a function of biomarker for each treatment. In this article, we propose the weighted predictiveness curve (WPC). Based on the nature of the data, it generates predictiveness curves by utilizing either parametric or nonparametric approaches. Especially for nonparametric predictiveness curves, by incorporating local assessment techniques, it requires minimum model assumptions and provides great flexibility to visualize the marker‐by‐treatment relationship. WPC can be used to compare biomarkers and identify the one with the highest potential impact. Equally important, by simultaneously viewing several treatment‐specific predictiveness curves across the biomarker range, WPC can also guide the biomarker‐based treatment regimens. Simulations representing various scenarios are employed to evaluate the performance of WPC. Application on a well‐known liver cirrhosis trial sheds new light on the data and leads to discovery of novel patterns of treatment biomarker interactions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中小学教师反思量表修编

以Akbari在2010年提出的教师反思理论结构及初编的英语教师反思题项为基础,结合中国教育发展特色及中小学教师反思现状,开展本土化教师反思量表修编工作。经探索性因素与验证性因素分析,量表具有较高的结构效度以及良好的信度(Alpha=0.881)。修编后的中小学教师反思量表共23题,涉及实践、认知、道德、情感、元认知、批判6个因素。结论:修编后的教师反思量表具有良好的跨文化一致性,适用于中国中小学教师。?更多还原     

油气田边远地区天然气资源的综合利用研究

油气田边远地区天然气资源包括油田放空天然气(主要是油田伴生气)和低产气井天然气,它们均因气量小,就地无用户和远离输气管网等原因长期未得到开发利用,不仅极大地浪费了资源,而且严重地污染了油田地区的大气。综述了国内外可用于油气田边远地区天然气资源开发利用的净化技术和综合利用技术,认为利用这部分天然气资源应依据气质、气量和市场需求选用合理的净化技术及利用技术,最后对吐哈油田边远地区天然气资源的综合利用进行了研究。     

Lassoing the Determinants of Retirement

This article uses Danish register data to explain the retirement decision of workers in 1990 and 1998. Many variables might be conjectured to influence this decision such as demographic, socioeconomic, financial, and health related variables as well as all the same factors for the spouse in case the individual is married. In total, we have access to 399 individual specific variables that all could potentially impact the retirement decision. We use variants of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and the adaptive Lasso applied to logistic regression in order to uncover determinants of the retirement decision. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of these estimators in microeconometrics to a problem of this type and scale. Furthermore, we investigate whether the factors influencing the retirement decision are stable over time, gender, and marital status. It is found that this is the case for core variables such as age, income, wealth, and general health. We also point out the most important differences between these groups and explain why these might be present.     

Power analysis for clustered non-continuous responses in multicenter trials

Power analysis for multi-center randomized control trials is quite difficult to perform for non-continuous responses when site differences are modeled by random effects using the generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM). First, it is not possible to construct power functions analytically, because of the extreme complexity of the sampling distribution of parameter estimates. Second, Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, a popular option for estimating power for complex models, does not work within the current context because of a lack of methods and software packages that would provide reliable estimates for fitting such GLMMs. For example, even statistical packages from software giants like SAS do not provide reliable estimates at the time of writing. Another major limitation of MC simulation is the lengthy running time, especially for complex models such as GLMM, especially when estimating power for multiple scenarios of interest. We present a new approach to address such limitations. The proposed approach defines a marginal model to approximate the GLMM and estimates power without relying on MC simulation. The approach is illustrated with both real and simulated data, with the simulation study demonstrating good performance of the method.     

两宋词学批评的文本形式

本文对两宋词学批评所运用的文本形式予以归纳梳理,计有:(一)词话专书、词学专著;(二)词籍序跋;(三)诗文题跋、书札、词作题序;(四)词选及其按语;(五)书录解题;(六)散见于宋人诗话、方志、野史、笔记之中的单篇(则)词评文字。这六种文本形式庶几囊括了中国古代词学批评的基本文本形式。     

城市用语新释(一)

按:目前出版的有关城市的辞书,对于与城市相关的词汇,大都是从城市学、城市经济学或社会学的角度来定义的.许多定义或多或少地把欧美城市的概念套用到中国城市,从中很难了解中国城市用语的特定涵义.更有不少中国城市特有的用语,至今还很少有确切的诠释.《城市用语新释》对近年来出现和使用频繁的城市用语,包括书面用语和口头用语,分条目加以全新的释义.     

大庆地区金代的城堡与道路交通

近年来文物普查中,发现大庆地区金代古城遗址二十余处,陆路十余条。通过对古城和道路的考证,为研究大庆地区的历史沿革及当时的政治、军事、经济、文化诸方面提供了有价值的资料参考。