倒"U"型轨迹与新生代农民工的社会流动——新生代农民工的流动史研究

本文基于2009年的调查数据,运用定量方法研究了新生代农民工的流动史.研究的基本发现是,频繁的流动和工作更换构成了新生代农民工重要的群体特征.虽然起初的流动更多地是因为有更好的工作机会,但并不是每次流动都是针对原有起点的一次提升.新生代农民工的社会流动总体上来说表现为一种倒"U"型的轨迹,即前几次流动是垂直的向上流动,但当流动次数达到某个特定的值以后,无论是流入地、职业类型、流动原因还是获得新工作的途径,都呈现出逆向选择或向下流动的特点.因而,流动虽是一个不断寻找更好发展机会的过程,也体现了新生代农民工的主体性和能动性,但过于频繁的流动反而不利于他们自身的发展.     

公共政策传递过程中科层损耗的博弈分析及启示

在公共政策传递过程中,公共政策制定者和地方执行者之间的互动构成了一种博弈关系.当公共政策制定者的效用函数与执行者的效用函数发生偏差时,个人价值最大化动机将导致执行者对公共政策作出符合其自身利益的理解并予以修正式执行,从而造成公共政策地方科层损耗,导致公共政策实际社会效益低于预期效益.本文在对地方科层损耗形成机制及其效应进行经济学分析的基础上,构建博弈模型深入阐释,并提出了相应的政策建议.该分析突出了对公共政策传递过程的研究,弥补了相关领域研究的不足,为提升公共政策执行效率、确保公共政策预期社会效益提供必要的理论支持.     

Just Like in Their Home Country? A Multinational Perspective on Living Arrangements of Older Immigrants in the United States

Older immigrants are more likely to share residence with their adult children and other family members than are U.S.-born older adults. Because socioeconomic factors only partially explain these differences and direct measures of cultural preferences are seldom available, the persistently high rates of intergenerational coresidence among the older foreign-born are often interpreted as driven by cultural preferences and/or a lack of assimilation. To challenge this interpretation, this study investigates the extent to which older immigrants’ living arrangements deviate from those of older adults in their home countries. The analysis combines data on immigrants from the 2008–2012 American Community Survey (ACS) with census data from three major immigrant-sending countries: Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Vietnam. Despite persistent differences from U.S.-born whites, coresidence in later life is significantly less common than in the sending countries among the older foreign-born who migrated as young adults, and especially among those who migrated as children. The older foreign-born who migrated after age 50, however, are more likely to coreside and less likely to live independently than the older adults in their home countries. The similarity of these patterns across the three immigrant subgroups suggests that the unusually high coresidence among late-life immigrants is driven by U.S. family reunification policy and not simply by cultural influences.     

M-estimation for functional linear regression

This paper studies M-estimation in functional linear regression in which the dependent variable is scalar while the covariate is a function. An estimator for the slope function is obtained based on the functional principal component basis. The global convergence rate of the M-estimator of unknown slope function is established. The convergence rate of the mean-squared prediction error for the proposed estimators is also established. Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted to examine the finite-sample performance of the proposed procedure. Finally, the proposed method is applied to analyze the Berkeley growth data.     

An exploratory study of early professional experiences and job burnout among BSW graduates in China

Although previous studies have addressed turnover issues among social workers in Western countries, this study explores the early professional experiences (during the first 3 working years) and job burnout among BSW graduates in China and identifies factors influencing their decisions to leave social work jobs. Using semi-structured interviews with 15 BSW graduates in the Shenzhen metropolitan area, this research identifies the primary reasons new social workers leave the profession. Data analysis revealed three themes: personal struggles, work environment issues, and social support factors. This exploratory study highlights the professional experiences and burnout among BSW graduates in China and has implications for social work education and professional practices.     

The classing gaze and its gendering effects: (dis)‐respectability,emotional (in)‐competency,and the counselling experiences of domestically violent Taiwanese men

Research on domestically violent men typically takes an oppositional logic of gender. While the significance of class in researching domestically violent men is identified, class and gender are often treated as separate entities that do not complicate each other. Drawing upon group observations and in‐depth interviews, this paper identifies how intersections of class and gender manifest in the counselling experiences of domestically violent Taiwanese men. From a Bourdieusian feminist analysis, the authors analyse (1) how class distinctions serve to (re)produce gendered hierarchy; (2) how contradictory experiences of gender reveal a relational understanding of class; and (3) how the gendered nature of domestically violent men is inscribed with a meaning of (working) class specificity for maintaining middle‐class ‘purity’. In analysing men's multiple and conflicting experiences, this paper contributes to research on domestically violent men by showing how class and gender are actively constructed and not produced in a monolithic/invariant way.     

制度变迁过程的历史沉淀成本效应分析

在新古典完全竞争市场理论——历史沉淀成本决策无关性的假设前提背景下,从未来不确定性、信息不完全和财务预算约束等角度考察历史沉淀成本对制度变迁过程的影响,为制度变迁过程确立一个新的分析视角,从而弥补了原有研究的不足。在现实经济生活中,市场不完全是常态,有限理性、交易成本、信息不完全和环境不确定性等因素普遍存在,历史沉淀成本很容易发挥作用,从而表明:未来越不确定,信息越不完全,资源越稀缺,导致财务预算越硬,历史沉淀成本效应越大,制度变迁过程越困难;反之越容易。由此可发现,在放松完全竞争市场的假设前提条件下,当事人的决策不可能不受到历史沉淀成本的影响。因此,只有当事人对历史沉淀成本的约束条件作出正确的理性反应,才能使其决策更加贴近真实世界,这对于全面认识制度变迁过程具有重要的理论创新意义和现实指导价值。     

当代中国公共文化服务均等化的发展之道

公共文化服务作为政府面向文化民生的责任担当,其内容包括为公民提供基本的公共文化产品和服务,保障公民基本文化权利。公民文化权利的道德属性要求每一个社会个体都有权并平等地享有各种公共文化服务,因而,作为公民文化权利实践平台的公共文化服务体系必须不偏不倚地为每一个公民提供均等化的服务和产品。就当代中国而言,公共文化服务均等化的发展之路是在面临各种非均等化现状基础上推进的,其发展逻辑具有中国特色。本文依此逻辑,对当今中国公共文化服务均等化发展现状进行了深入的分析,在此基础上提出了推进公共文化服务均等化的路径选择。     

鸳鸯蝴蝶派:吴地文学的一次现代化集体转身

鸳鸯蝴蝶派中的吴地文人是中国第一批现代知识分子,而不是中国文学现代化进程中的"逆流".本文论述了三个问题:鸳鸯蝴蝶派文学现代性特征;为什么中国文学的现代化会首先在鸳鸯蝴蝶派身上发生;怎样评价鸳鸯蝴蝶派文学的现代化.     

现代教育模式下教师角色的转变

由于教育理念的不断更新、发展和任务型语言教学的全面实施,教师的角色受到了新的挑战。在任务型教学模式下,教师应该是教学活动的设计者、组织者、参与者、促进者,应该是学习过程的评价者,同时还应该是研究者。