第三次中日舆论调查(2006年9-10月)

参加调查、录入及程序设计人员: 丁英顺 王伟 白如纯 孙新 吕耀东 朱立慧 刘瑞 李春光 李璇夏 吴丁丁 吴万虹 吴怀中 金华 金莹 金熙德 林肖 张勇 张义素 张伯玉 张季风 张建立 郭颖 赵刚 姚海天 唐永亮 高洪 屠亮智 韩琳 韩永顺 韩铁英 蒋立峰     

Organization and implementation of China's national sampling survey on fertility and birth control

The Planning and Statistical Department of the State Family Planning Commission of China in July 1988 implemented a fertility and birth control survey in China on 2.16 million married women ages 15-57 using stratified, systematic, clustered, and non-proportionate sampling. 3 questionnaires were used: household, married women, and sample unit covering basic status, family planning status, general characteristics of pregnancy and contraception, population flow, deaths since 1981, and socioeconomic status. The authors suggest several international cooperative research projects including: design of fertility and contraception survey; Chinese population growth; Chinese population dynamics; dynamics of marital and family status; fertility; contraception and birth control; mortality; migration; status of the nationalities of China; population development; regional fertility status; and others. Data from the survey will be available in June 1989.     

Current status of and prospects for China Population Information Centre

The China Population information Centre (CPIC), set up in May 1980, is a national institution for population information research under the State Family Planning Commission. Its main functions are to 1) collect, process, and distribute and foreign materials on population and family planning; 2) collect, tabulate, and analyze population and family planning data; 3) keep abreast of new population and family planning developments within and outside the country; 4) edit and publish information materials; and 5) provide information users with diversified services. The CPIC has 8 operational units: 1) the Library, 2) the Statistics Division, 3) the 1st Information Research Division, 4) the 2nd Information Research Division, 5) the Editorial Division, 6) the Translation Division, 7) the Computer Division, and 8) the Technical Support Division.     

佛山社会保险制度改革：成绩·问题·建议

十年来佛山市对社会保险制度不断进行深层的改革,为全国社会保险制度改革作出了可贵的探索,被誉为“佛山模式”．课题组的调查研究表明,佛山现行的社会保险制度仍然存在一些问题,仍然适应不了经济改革与社会发展的需要,必须对之进行更进一步的改革。     

用XPS和AES研究MoS_4~(2-)在钢铁表面的配位化学反应

本文研究MoS_4~(2-)在钢铁表面发生配位化学反应所形成的具有装饰效果的多种彩色Mo-S-Fe表面簇合物膜。FI-IR、F-IR、FT-Raman、XPS和AES分析表明,簇合物膜由Fe、Mo、S、O元素组成,在膜表面铁以Fe(Ⅲ)、钼以Mo(Ⅵ)状态存在,而在膜内层以Fe(Ⅱ)、Mo(Ⅳ)和Mo(Ⅵ)共存,S和O都呈-2介,膜表面含少量 4、 6价硫。从AES深度分布曲线的组成恒定区求得了各组元素的相对原子百分浓度和膜层厚度,反应时间越长,膜越厚,膜为多分层子结构。加热后膜层所含元素种类及价态不变,但其元素分布有所改变。     

Sustainability of family planning and health projects

USAID has assisted the Ghanian Ministry of Health since 1991 to boost family planning services under the Ghana Family Planning and Health Project by providing supplies and information and increasing the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS prevention and control. The sustainability of the health system is endangered by favoring capital expenditures in lieu of continuous expenditures; the lack of linkage between project activities and regular activities; the centralization of resource flow; and too ambitious targeting. Capital outlays provided by USAID featured in the construction of four public health laboratories, but their operation also requires continuous financing amounting to about 10% of the whole investment. The latter is the responsibility of the government, although the details of these recurrent costs were not detailed at the outset and providing these funds for continuous operation may impair the operation of other systems. The resource constraints could be alleviated by an effective cost-recovery system or by the general improvement of the economy. The lack of linkage between project and regular activities is serious at regional and district levels. The centralization of resource flow means that most resources are kept for headquarter level activities, thus other activities suffer and the health sector becomes excessively reliant on donor support. Too ambitious planning stems from pressure on donors and hastily implemented projects result in duplication and waste. Closer consultation with the parties involved would improve the situation. The rivalry of technical and policy groups has contributed to past deficiencies. Double funding for the same activity has also occurred further increasing the dependence on donor funding. By concentration on people and systems sustainability would be enhanced, while cost recovery would help the operation of the laboratories. The Health Education Unit (HEU) recognized the importance of IEC and obtained financing for such activities.     

Chinese Communist Party Central Committee calls on Party and Youth League members to take the lead in having only one child (per couple), [open letter,September 25, 1980

This open letter from the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party concerns the question of controlling China's population growth. To limit the total population of China to 1.2 billion by the end of this century, the State Council has advocated 1 couple giving birth to only 1 child. China's total population will reach 1.3 billion after 20 years and will exceed 1.5 billion after 40 years. Besides the family needing to increase the cost of upbringing, increasing population also requires the state, in order to solve their education, employment, and otheer problem, to raise education expenditures, investments of equipment, and outlays for social and public utilities. The phenomenon of population "aging" will not occur within this century because at present 1/2 of the total national population is below the age of 21, while elderly people above age 65 consist of less than 5%. After 40 years of the practice of 1 child per couple, some families may experience the problem where the elderly lack people to care for them. In the future when production is developed and the people's lives are improved, social welfare and social security will certainly increase and improve continuously. To control population growth, the Party and government have already adopted a series of concrete policies; considerations and allowances are to be given to single children and their families with respect to admission to childcare centers and primar schools. Young comrades must begin with themselves, while old comrades must educate and supervise their own sons and daughters.     

China Issued “Opinion on Adjustment and Improvement of Fertility Policies” to Explicate the Overall Thinking for Policy Adjustment

正Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council recently issued"Opinion on adjustment and Improvement of fertility policies".It explicates the significance and overall thinking for adjustment of fertility policies,demands for adherance of the basic national policy of family planning and promotion of all the related work steadily,fi rmly and orderly.     

中国人口学科国际化水平及其影响因素

国际化是学科成熟与发展的一个重要指标。但是作为世界人口第一大国,中国人口学科的国际化并没有发展到一个相对应的水平。在界定了学科国际化概念的基础上,借助问卷调查数据来分析中国人口学科国际化的现状,探讨中国人口科学继续与国际学界融合所面临的困难及其主要原因。结果表明,中国人口学的国际化明显处于不断萎缩的态势,其直接动因和深层次缘由分别是整个人口学界的国际化意识与能力的减弱,以及人口学科文化与制度本身存在的缺陷。加强国际化的学科文化建设与建立相配套的学科制度是提高中国人口学科国际化水平的重要途径。