从"控制自然"到"遵循自然"——人类通往生态文明必须具备的一种伦理觉悟

控制自然的观念源自培根世界观的影响,是文明发展进程中呈现的一种典型的现代性现象,它为现代工业文明的现代性转换奠定了合理性基础和"道德神话".对控制自然的道德神话进行纠偏或矫正,是对人、理性和世界概念的质疑,最终是对现代文明发展方向进行的一种伦理掂量.控制自然还是遵循自然的问题关涉到一种更为深刻的伦理觉悟.罗尔斯顿关于遵循自然的意义分析包含着明显的道德哲学诉求.与"控制自然"的道德神话及其解体相对应,"遵循自然"的道德哲学意义表明人、自然、世界和理性概念的重新奠基.从控制自然到遵循自然的哲学转变是文明转变进程中的一种伦理觉悟.     

医学生医德教育的困境及对策

医德是保证社会医疗卫生事业健康发展的一个重要因素,而关于医德方面的教育也是医学教育中的重要组成部分之一。可以说,医德教育的好坏直接关系到社会医德风尚,但是从目前的形势上来看,在我国现行的医学生医德教育中实际上是存在着许多问题的,医德教育很多时候都是在困境中前行的。因此在本文中作者在对医德教育其重要意义进行了阐释的基础上就医学生医学教育中存在的诸多问题进行了剖析,并就这些问题提出了相应的解决方案和应对策略,旨在以此为提高医学生医德教育的质量提供一定的参照和指导。     

四川少数民族村寨旅游扶贫模式转变研究

In 2012 , State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission of the People’ s Republic of China( hereaf-ter SEAC ) announced an outline concerning the protection and development of‘ethnic minority vil-lages with special characteristics ’ . The develop-ment of such villages is one of the important tasks of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission:this devel-opment aims to foster the conservation of ethnic culture and to accelerate the development of the ethnic areas in which these villages lie. On Sep-tember 23 , 2014 , the State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission announced guanyu minming shoupi zhong-guo shaoshu minzu tese chunzhai de tongzhi ( No-tice on the Naming of the First Group of China ’ s Ethnic Minority Villages with Special Characteris-tics):340 villages in total were inscribed into the list of this so-called ‘First Batch ’ , among which four villages of Sichuan province were included:( i) Jiefang village of Haqu in Leshan, ( ii) Mutuo Village of Maoxian in Aba, ( iii) Shangmo Village of Songfan in Aba, and ( iv) Guza Village of Seda in Ganzi. With the support of the so-called‘Poverty Al-leviation Policy’ , tourism in ethnic minority villa-ges has been booming; however, this has also re-sulted in a new series of related problems that need to be addressed. Tourism development obviously had reduced regional poverty. Since the 1980s, the promotion of economic development through tourism in the ethnic areas ( with a corresponding improvement of people ’ s living conditions ) has been widely accepted by society. Also in the prov-ince of Sichuan the ‘poverty alleviation through tourism’ policy has led to economic growth and has reduced the poverty of the people in the ethnic mi-nority areas. From 2011 to 2014, the SEAC has invested 57. 8 million Yuan in the development of ethnic minority villages in Sichuan province. This has led to the implementation of 73 projects and has benefited around 100,000 people, 7 indige-nous ethnic groups, and 11 prefectures and munic-ipalities in Sichuan. It seems that this‘poverty al-leviation through tourism ’ ( hereafter PATT ) has resulted in good economic and social effects. Ethnic minority villages in Sichuan share sim-ilar challenges: ( i) a low level of production and productivity,economic backwardness, simplistic e-conomic infrastructure, cultural narrow-minded-ness, a low level of education and personal devel-opment, and a fragile condition of local nature and cultural surroundings. Moreover, tourism has since deeply altered previous development models for these regions: this has also brought many new problems, like e. g. how to correctly distribute the newly acquired economic benefits and profits, as well as cultural and environmental protection is-sues. Many of these problems seem to be only tran-sitional;however, these challenges do ask for the necessary tweaks of the PATT policies. This article thus tries to review the model of PATT as imple-mented in the ethnic villages of Sichuan. The arti-cle explores its different stages/aspects:( i) adap-tation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the gov-ernment, ( iii) an evolving profit model for local people, and ( iv ) evolving local talent discovery and activation. The first aspect of PATT is the change of the development goals. At first, the priority is to get rid of poverty through tourism. To initially boost local tourism, the government must make major in-vestments: enhancement of the basic infrastruc-ture, creation of a touristic brand and initial adver-tising for the ethnic villages. However, when the PATT has been effectively implemented, and reached a mature stage of development, i. e. the village has become relatively popular and annual numbers of tourists have reached a stable good lev-el, the goals must be adapted: economic develop-ment should change to sustainable development. The new goals would be a combination of local tourism and local related industries, such as handi-craft products, catering and other hospitality busi-nesses etc. When all of this takes place, the eth-nic villages and areas seem to be able to arrive at a green and sustainable development path. The second stage is the change of the role of government. As said, in the beginning large in-vestments in infrastructure, tourism marketing and publicity are needed. In this start-up stage, the village needs quite a lot of human and material re-sources. Without the financial and human aid of the government, it’ s very hard to change a local ethnic minority village into a tourist destination. Hence, the government should play a supportive role during the initial stages of tourism develop-ment, while taking the local villagers ’ will and ethnic culture into consideration: the government should consult with the villagers and encourage the villagers’ participation in the whole development process. When indeed the PATT reaches a mature phase, the local people can take over. By then the locals have gained much experience;their attitudes and business skills have sufficiently improved so the government can take a step back, leaving the villagers to further develop the villages by them-selves. The third aspect is an ‘evolving profit model for local people ’ . During the initial stages of PATT, it’ s all about developing basic tourism pro-jects: at this moment, the main profit models for businesses rely on ( a) ethnic culture projects with distinct characteristics, ( b ) establishing high quality modes of the tourists route, and ( c) pro-moting the unique name and fame of the villages. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the villagers themselves must further develop and maintain their unique brand and fame. As said, the government takes a step back while local peo-ple are to develop new related sustainable profit models. The fourth issue is the further evolution of‘local talent discovery and activation ’ or‘talent mechanisms’ . Before the initial stages of PATT in Sichuan, the local villagers of the ethnic minorities had been engaged in traditional agriculture for many years;hence it was difficult for them to tran-sition into modern industries such as tourism and hospitality. Moreover, there were very few locals who had any knowledge of this tourism/hospitality industry. E. g. only some elderly people conducted simplistic tour guide practices for tourists: they were unable to provide any in-depth explanations of the traditional ethnic customs and culture due to language barriers. Thus, outsiders ( including gov-ernment staff and tourism professionals ) had to come in and provide advanced concepts, methods, and training. More importantly, a new ‘local tal-ent team’ had to discover and activate local people with tourism talents/abilities. This allowed for a genuine local tourism industry to come into exist-ence and further evolve. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the government should re-turn the economic benefits back to the local people and give them the dominant right to further self-de-velopment. A newly developed professional middle class will then allow the local people to further de-cide on the future of the ethnic villages. After the initial ‘local talent discovery and activation ’ , a more mature ‘talent mechanism ’ should be formed. Led by the best local talents, people from all circles should be encouraged to take part in the further development of the local villages and areas:this allows for greater stability and continuity, while new talents can develop more. This article has analyzed the implementation and adaptation of PATT in the province of Si-chuan, including the ( i) adaptation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the government, ( iii) an evol-ving profit model for local people, and ( iv) evol-ving local talent discovery and activation. Howev-er, the development of ethnic minority villages still seems to face many difficulties and challenges, and need to be studied and discussed more.     

父亲参与育儿的中日比较研究

在少子化、独生子女化的时代背景下,随着代际的更替,中国和日本年轻人的社会、家庭角色观念正在发生变化,这种变化同样表现在育儿理念、育儿方式方面。在实行女性终身就业制度的中国．育儿期父母往往依赖自己的双亲,帮助抚育年幼的孩子。而在日本,传统的“男外女内”的夫妻角色分工正在受到挑战,越来越多的日本已婚女性希望延续职业生涯,在工作与家庭角色之间寻求平衡。与此同时,科学的进步和优生优育理念的普及。使当代人对科学喂养、早期教育、父亲参与育儿等更为关注,并试图在育儿过程中加以履行。但是,现实生活中,社会的育儿福利政策、企业的工作环境、职业的竞争压力等都使年轻父母不可避免地遭遇社会角色和家庭角色的冲突。面对“两难”困境,除了家庭内部,尤其是夫妻间需要进行角色调适外,更需要政府制定和改善有利于育儿的福利制度,企业给予育儿期父母合适的待遇．社会提供更多缓解育儿焦虑的支持。本研究客观描述了中日两国父亲参与育儿的现状,而且试图发现影响父亲角色转换的一系列相关因素,并对此提出制度改善和社会支持的建议。     

关注学校冷暴力

随着基础教育改革的逐渐深入,“以人为本”、关注人、关注人的发展的“人性化”教育理念正逐渐深入人心。但正是这种背景。使教育的一个新课题——“冷暴力”问题凸显出来。“冷暴力”现象的存在,其危害是不言而喻的,可它的存在由来已久,如何减少乃至消除这一现象,需要全社会的齐心协力,共同构建和谐校园。     

对魏晋士族制度的历史考察--兼评陈寅恪的士族说

本文作者从魏晋士族制度的起讫时间、中正评士的标准及其变化、士族的形成和发展过程以及士族制度的瓦解原因等方面对魏晋士族制度发展的全过程进行了历史考察,并认为近年学界讨论魏晋士族制度时所依陈寅恪先生提出的标准,即门第和婚宦,是值得商榷的.而其后学申论其说就更是错误的.     

税费改革前后农村基础教育投入变化及其影响

税费改革是我国农村继土地革命、家庭联产承包责任制后的又一场深刻变革。它不仅给农村经济、社会带来巨大变化,而且直接影响到农村基础教育。文章从分析农村基础教育投入持续偏低导致农村基础教育薄弱入手,探讨了税费改革给农村基础教育投入带来的积极变化和消极影响,并在此基础上提出消除消极影响的对策建议。     

道德权利如何为正当的权利体系奠基

让法律权利趋向道德权利的正当性,并以此明确权利的道德性,是建构具有普遍伦理本质的权利体系的基础环节.道德权利没有使人走向道德善的功能,却是禁止道德恶产生的工具,因为它是人们追求利益的自由,是社会平等的前提和公权力的界限.道德权利与法律权利是异质性的存在,两者应当保持界限.道德权利对法律权利的价值范导以及它与法律权利的互释及其相对界划,使其发挥着为具有伦理普遍性的权利体系奠基的功能.在当今中国,道德权利的现实语境应为平等保护弱势群体的私权,此之为一种公共秩序意义上的正当,即一种人权.     

人文学科的制度困境

本文所说的人文学科,包括了人文学科专业教育和其他学科专业的人文素质教育.就本质而言,目前一些大学里进行的人文学科及非人文学科的人文教育改革,并不仅仅是一个教学事件.大学是国民教育的高级阶段,它并不仅仅培养高级职业技术人员,更担负着塑造具有高度的人文关怀,高级理智和高尚美德的国家公民的重任.因此,人文学科教育的改革,实即反映出对公民文化素质、人文精神的关注程度.     

市民化率及农业转移人口市民化公共成本测度

农业转移人口市民化,是新型城镇化不可回避、首当其冲的任务。以福建为例,旨在理清农业转移人口市民化的基本情况,测度市民化率,反映真实城镇化水平;测算市民化公共成本,确定城镇化所需资金量,从成本视角阐释农业转移人口市民化进展缓慢最本质的症结;提出符合实际的政策措施。