对林业税费的经济学分析

该文运用经济学的基本工具———供给和需求曲线 ,以商品林为研究对象 ,探讨了林业税费的作用机理和内涵。该文认为商品林生产具有正的外部性 ,市场失灵使生产者将不能提供社会真正所需要的商品林数量。在封闭的市场条件下 ,林业税费会直接成为价格的一部分 ,商品林生产者应当能够获得正常利润 ,与税费高低无关 ,但会使一部分林地退出生产。林业补贴是一种负的林业税收。在开放市场经济条件下 ,国内商品林供应量低于没有林业税收时的商品林供应量 ,更低于考虑社会生态需求时的商品林供应量 ,造成巨大的社会福利损失 ,应减免林业税费、增加林业扶持、取消价格管制。该文进一步研究了与林业税费密切相关的森林采伐限额政策 ,认为对商品林应该完全取消采伐限额政策     

现代性概念对20世纪历史编纂学的意义

历史学家借助历史范畴或概念整理 ,编排和解释历史事件。“现代性”概念是 2 0世纪历史编纂学的核心范畴 ,它指出了大多数国家 2 0世纪历史发展的目的。本文讨论了“现代性”作为人类社会文化发展的一个阶段的特征的内涵及其对 2 0世纪中国历史编纂学的意义     

论校长及行政系统为主实施--一种新的德育管理体制实施主体论

党委统一部署 ,校长及行政系统为主实施的高校德育管理体制 ,应当说是一项重大改革。其中对“校长及行政系统为主实施”的新概括 ,是新中国学校德育管理体制改革的重要组成部分。本文从多方面对这一新的德育管理体制实施主体进行了阐释。     

Multiparameter evidence synthesis in epidemiology and medical decision-making: current approaches

Summary.  Alongside the development of meta-analysis as a tool for summarizing research literature, there is renewed interest in broader forms of quantitative synthesis that are aimed at combining evidence from different study designs or evidence on multiple parameters. These have been proposed under various headings: the confidence profile method, cross-design synthesis, hierarchical models and generalized evidence synthesis. Models that are used in health technology assessment are also referred to as representing a synthesis of evidence in a mathematical structure. Here we review alternative approaches to statistical evidence synthesis, and their implications for epidemiology and medical decision-making. The methods include hierarchical models, models informed by evidence on different functions of several parameters and models incorporating both of these features. The need to check for consistency of evidence when using these powerful methods is emphasized. We develop a rationale for evidence synthesis that is based on Bayesian decision modelling and expected value of information theory, which stresses not only the need for a lack of bias in estimates of treatment effects but also a lack of bias in assessments of uncertainty. The increasing reliance of governmental bodies like the UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence on complex evidence synthesis in decision modelling is discussed.     

关于建立我国社会信用制度体系若干问题的探讨

市场经济是一种契约经济或信用经济,但由于我国社会主义市场经济正处于发育阶段,企业信用制度还没有真正建立起来,一些失信行为出现在国民经济各个领域,当务之急是要切实加快社会信用制度体系建设,这直接关系到能否降低交易费用,提高市场效率,直接关系到市场经济能否长期繁荣。从信用管理立法工作、加强对信用行业进行相应的管理和监督等四个方面提出建立、健全我国社会信用制度体系的建议。     

大学英语课堂教学创新改革实践探索

创新教育是素质教育的一个重要内容 ,课堂教学是实施创新教育的主渠道。如何在英语教学中努力培养学生的创新精神 ,笔者做了一番尝试     

ALL-BIAS DESIGNS FOR POLYNOMIAL SPLINE REGRESSION MODELS

Polynomial spline regression models of low degree have proved useful in modeling responses from designed experiments in science and engineering when simple polynomial models are inadequate. Where there is uncertainty in the number and location of the knots, or breakpoints, of the spline, then designs that minimize the systematic errors resulting from model misspecification may be appropriate. This paper gives a method for constructing such all‐bias designs for a single variable spline when the distinct knots in the assumed and true models come from some specified set. A class of designs is defined in terms of the inter‐knot intervals and sufficient conditions are obtained for a design within this class to be all‐bias under linear, quadratic and cubic spline models. An example of the construction of all‐bias designs is given.     

利益相关者理论及其对战略管理的启示

利益相关者理论将对企业的战略管理产生深远的影响。企业应重新定位组织与环境的关系,并将利益相关者关系看作是竞争优势的新来源,从而变革战略理念和战略行动。     

论汉大赋描写繁琐的原因

汉大赋描写具有繁琐的特点,有些学者认为这是汉代经学繁琐风气影响的结果。通过对汉代经学发展过程和汉大赋创作情形的分析可以看出,这一观点是不能成立的。汉大赋描写繁琐的特点是由赋重铺陈的传统、汉人重认知功用的赋学观、赋作家的创作心态以及时代审美追求等原因造成的。     

城市道路交通问题与对策探讨

从中国大城市交通堵塞现象着手,研究了机动车辆的增加与道路通行能力的关系,以及机动车迅速增长所带来的环境污染问题,分析了问题产生的原固及其危害程度,探讨改善城市交通的途径和解决的方案,提出适当限制个人轿车,积极发展轨道交通,规划建设中心网络城市的现点。