传统国家近代转型的开端:张居正改革新论

张居正改革是中国历史上的重大改革之一。改革以世界连成一个整体的全球化开端为历史大背景,与全球市场的初步形成,白银货币形成世界货币,即经济全球化有着密切的联系。改革是一个过程,不是一个事件,改革源自市场的萌发,以长达一个半世纪的赋役改革作为前期准备;改革没有推行一条鞭法的全国法令,《万历会计录》和《清丈条例》是改革迄今遗存的两部重要文献;改革的核心是财政,改革重建的新财政体系,是从以实物为主向以白银货币为主的财政体系的全面转型,是中国二千年财政体系的根本转型,也标志了史无前例的中国传统国家向近代国家的转型。历史并非如既往所认识的,张居正改革人亡而政息了,相对王安石变法而言,张居正改革是成功的。     

上市公司信息披露违规行为的动因研究

本文运用多元选择模型—Logit模型分析了上市公司信息披露行为,研究了上市公司采取信息披露违规行为的主要动因,为加强对上市公司信息披露监管提供了技术上的支持。     

Between a ROC and a hard place: Teaching prevalence plots to understand real world biomarker performance in the clinic

The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the ROC curve are widely used in discovery to compare the performance of diagnostic and prognostic assays. The ROC curve has the advantage that it is independent of disease prevalence. However, in this note, we remind scientists and clinicians that the performance of an assay upon translation to the clinic is critically dependent upon that very same prevalence. Without an understanding of prevalence in the test population, even robust bioassays with excellent ROC characteristics may perform poorly in the clinic. While the exact prevalence in the target population is not always known, simple plots of candidate assay performance as a function of prevalence rate give a better understanding of the likely real‐world performance and a greater understanding of the likely impact of variation in that prevalence on translation to the clinic.     

Internal and External Factors of Plagiarism: Evidence from Chinese Public Sector Universities

This study explores the effects of internal and external factors that encourage plagiarism from the perspective of students. We collected student data from five public sector universities in Anhui Province, China, by randomly distributing survey questionnaires to 250 students, 176 of which were usable. We analyzed the collected quantitative data through multiple regression analysis. Our research results demonstrate that external and internal factors have a great influence on plagiarism. The control behavior and teaching factors have a significantly positive impact on plagiarism, while ICT and web does not have a considerable impact on plagiarism. Among the external factors, a significant positive correlation exists between external stress, pride, and plagiarism; however, no significant relationship exists between academic skills and plagiarism. The article concludes that grade level and enrollment status (full-time or part-time) are inversely correlated to plagiarism, which proves that the higher the academic level, the less the plagiarism behaviors occur. This concept may be due to the fact that the higher the academic level, the stronger the plagiarism constraints might be, which in turn leads to a drastic decrease in plagiarism. Moreover, a negative relationship emerges between enrollment status (full-time or part-time) and plagiarism because part-time students who are committed to employment are less likely to give their full attention to their studies.     

Hashing it out: an examination of the interaction of image and headline frames of marijuana in a time of flux

The perception of marijuana in the contemporary move towards decriminalization and normalization in the United States and elsewhere will be affected by the manner in which the media visually and textually portray the drug. This study examines the visual and headline framing of marijuana prior to and following legalisation in Colorado, concentrating on issue framing and the valence or tone of visuals, words and their interaction. Results reveal different valences and issues amongst outlets and across time, and show complex and sometimes conflicting pairings of images and text. Neutral news outlets, while seemingly most neutral in image and in headline, were more slanted when pairing images with headlines, although they most frequently paired neutrally toned headlines with neutrally toned images. On the other hand, liberal and conservative news outlets most frequently showed neutrally valenced images with neutrally valenced headlines. While neutral news outlets may be lauded for presenting issues in a neutral tone, they are sending more mixed messages, visually, than the other outlets. Mostly framed as a political issue, marijuana was also heavily emphasised by its criminal and medical aspects. However, conservative news outlets presented its criminal aspect more than the other outlets.     

贵州民族预科教育问题及对策思考

贵州民族预科教育是贵州民族教育的重要组成部分,为贵州各高等学校本科、专科输送了大批合格的学生。要开发贵州,加快少数民族人才的培养,实现贵州民族预科教育的跨越式发展,必须正视民族预科教育自身存在的问题,并有针对性地妥善加以解决。     

对延边乡镇企业发展策略的思考

近年来,延边乡镇企业虽然发展迅速,但是,延边乡镇企业在其发展过程中存在着不少问题,对此我们应进一步提高领导干部的认识,调整产业结构,在资金、科技、人才上多投入,以促进延边地区经济的快速发展.     

明朝中期中国科技停滞的原因探微

中国古代的科技非常发达 ,但从明朝中叶开始出现了停滞 ,其原因主要有 :封建的教育体制和科举制度对它的束缚、小农经济对它的阻碍、官僚政治对它的限制以及古代科技发展的缺陷等     

关于模糊鞅的收敛理论

定义了Fuzzy集的几种范数以及Fuzzy随机变量序列一致可积的概念,得出了Fuzzy随机变量序列一致可积与Fuzzy集的几种范数之间的关系;并将集值鞅成立的一个重要结论推广到Fuzzy鞅,证明了Fuzzy鞅按距离d_∞,d_1的收敛性定理。     

“东亚福利体制”的外在独立性研究

20世纪90年代以来,东亚福利体制成为学术界讨论的重点之一。有学者赞同东亚福利体制的存在,但是也有学者对东亚福利体制这一概念进行了质疑。由此,对东亚福利体制是否具有外在独立性进行研究就具有相当大的意义。本文在将东亚福利体制与自由主义、保守主义、社会民主主义福利体制的典型国家进行对比后认为,东亚福利体制在福利进程、福利取向、福利文化、福利期待四个方面均具有外在独立性,是与传统三种福利体制并存的独立福利体制。