房屋之外：嘉绒藏区房名制度背后的政治逻辑与社会生活

嘉绒藏族的房名在区分重名之人等方面起到类似姓氏的社会功能,但与汉族姓氏不同的是,房名体现着人与特定房屋而非特定父系祖先的具体关系。房名的命名规律和房名之间语义关联所呈现的地方性面貌背后,是房名制度作为封建等级时代的土司治术,它以房屋为单元拆分了纳粮服役的强制性义务,并赋予每户居住者集生存需求和象征资本于一体的不完全性权利,以实现“分房而治”的政治意图。而跨越房屋单元的血缘关系集合体则保留了梅因意义上的“前封建社会”互助传统,使得代代沿袭的婚姻与继嗣实践潜在地“收拢”了这种分裂的趋势。政治-管理逻辑与亲属-互助实践两股力量围绕房屋交织生成的辩证张力,为我们理解人与房屋的关系提供了一个新的视角。     

重庆市经济管理类国际化人才需求及培养对策研究——基于"一带一路"背景

"一带一路"倡议目标的实现离不开人才的支撑,人才是"一带一路"建设的基础和保障.在线采集"一带一路"国际性企业对重庆市经济管理人才的招聘信息,按照学历要求、岗位描述、主要职责等核心要素对能力模块进行分类并构建出能力词典,较为深入地剖析了企业对人才素质的要求,构建了各岗位核心能力表.分析结果表明,相关企业对不同岗位的人才在质和量上的需求均存在明显差异.为提高人才与企业需求的适配度,针对重庆市高校在国际化经济管理类人才供给和培养模式上的不足提出了相应优化对策与建议.     

中国城市家庭贫困脆弱性多维视角动态演化研究北大核心CSSCI

基于中国居民两轮微观调查数据,本文通过构建期望贫困概率模型测量城市家庭贫困脆弱性,并从全国、地区、家庭维度进行动态演化研究。结果表明:中国对国际减贫的边际效应有所下降,城市慢性贫困持续好转,而暂时性贫困却有加剧迹象;相对贫困日益突出,且在北京、上海等经济发达地区尤为严峻,黑龙江贫困形势出现恶化,河南、湖南隐形贫困覆盖面最广,河南、湖北、湖南及重庆则是贫困高发区域。随着时间推移,贫困脆弱性年轻家庭化趋势明显,户主性别已退化为贫困脆弱性的非影响因素,而婚姻、孩子抚养问题成为扰动家庭稳定主要风险;个体教育的投入已无法形成抑制效应,只有均衡提升家庭教育水平才是减少贫困脆弱性的有效手段。从有效性识别来看,全国相对贫困线适用于慢性贫困脆弱性,地区相对贫困线适合暂时性贫困脆弱性,而高脆弱性识别则能助力精准脱贫。     

A fiducial approach for testing the non-inferiority of proportion difference in matched-pairs design

The non-inferiority of one treatment/drug to another is a common and important issue in medical and pharmaceutical fields. This study explored a fiducial approach for testing the non-inferiority of proportion difference in matched-pairs design. Approximate tests constructed using fiducial quantities with a combination of different parameters were proposed. Four simulation studies were employed to compare the performance of fiducial tests by comparing their type I errors and powers. The results showed that fiducial quantities with parameter $0.6\le w_1\le 0.8$ performed satisfactorily from small to large samples. Therefore, the fiducial tests could be recommended for practical applications. The recommended fiducial tests might be a competitive alternative to other available tests. Three real data sets were analyzed to illustrate the proposed methods were competitive or even better than other tests.     

大学教学中教师专业自我建构的实践理性——帕克·帕尔默教师专业发展思想探析

美国学者帕克·帕尔默在论述教师专业发展问题时,对大学教师在教学过程中的专业自我建构进行了具有实践理性意蕴的多向度阐释,强调只有将“学科”“学生”与“自我”融入自身的专业自我建构,才能使大学教师的专业自我发展渐入佳境,复而推动其教学的改进与提升。帕尔默对于实现这“三重融合”的现实难题进行剖析,并提出应对之策,为处于专业发展中的大学教师提供有益参考。     

Avoiding Covid-19 risk information in the United States: The role of attitudes,norms, affect,social dominance orientations,and perceived trustworthiness of scientists

This study seeks guidance from the planned risk information avoidance model to explore drivers of risk information avoidance in the context of COVID-19. Data were collected early during the pandemic. Among our most notable results is that participants who are more oriented toward social dominance and are more skeptical of scientists’ credibility have (1) more supportive attitudes toward risk information avoidance and (2) feel social pressure to avoid risk information. The findings of this study highlight how the role of skepticism in science and intergroup ideologies, such as social dominance, can have important implications for how people learn about health-related information, even in times of heightened crisis.