A survey of the family planning work done in Dongguan County

The total fertility rate of women of childbearing age of Dongguan County in China has been decreasing gradually from 5.9 during the period following the liberation in 1949 to 2.05 in 1982. In order to encourage young couples to implement the policy of family planning consciously, the people's government of Dongguan county decided in July 1980 that all cadres and employees in county towns who received 1-child certificates would be exempted from house rent of 45 square meters from the time they get their certificates and would be allocated a living space of a 2-children family until their children reached age 16. It also stipulated that every couple could enjoy 1 month's holiday every year for 3 years and during the holiday, their salary, bonus and rate of attendance would not be affected. Because women bear less children today, they are relieved from heavy household chores and become the main working force in collective production. As a result, the development of town-run enterprises was stimulated and the total industrial output value of these enterprises increased. The average monthly salary of each female worker is about 100 yuan. In 1984, the average income per capita of the country rose to 649.2 yuan. The implementation of family planning work has eased the tension in the education field. Previously, because of the large number of school-age children in rural areas, teachers had to teach 2 classes. In the past 4 years, great emphasis was laid on intellectual investment. During this period, 2351 schools were built and several fundraising projects were implemented. Since 1981, more than 200 new running water projects were built, and new public services have been developed, including old age homes.     

翻译中心智距离存在的客观性

翻译难是一个众所周知的事实。难的原因有多种,涉及许多内在和外在诸因素,其中有一个不容忽视的成因是译者与原作者之间客观地存在着“心智距离”,即译者在语际传译过程中,受自身诸种内在因素的制约,不可能真正地深入到原作者的内心中去,与原作者同思维、共呼吸,与原作者的意旨彻底复合。当代西方流行的接受美学理论为这一现象作了很好的佐证。     

中药“保健增乳乐”对围产期奶牛血液生化指标的影响

试验选用30头干奶牛随机分成试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组及对照组(Ⅲ),观察中药“保健增乳乐”对围产期奶牛血液生化指标的影响。在此基础上,异地选择10头干奶牛随机分成试验组(Ⅰ)和对照组(Ⅱ)进行了重复试验。结果显示:中药“保健增乳乐”能显著地降低产后奶牛血清谷草转氨酶(SGOT)、血清γ—谷氨酰转肽酶(Sγ—GT)、血清碱性磷酸酶(SALP)的活性(P<0.05),血清酮体含量(KB)、血清甘油三酯(TG)含量显著减少(P<0.01)。血糖(G)含量升高(P<0.05)。血清钙、无机磷的含量维持正常水平。结果显示中药“保健增乳乐”能有效地改善围产期奶牛的肝脏功能,维持奶牛的正常代谢,预防奶牛围产期的营养代谢性疾病。     

Modeling household fertility decisions with generalized Poisson regression

This paper models household fertility decisions by using a generalized Poisson regression model. Since the fertility data used in the paper exhibit under-dispersion, the generalized Poisson regression model has statistical advantages over both standard Poisson and negative binomial regression models, and is suitable for analysis of count data that exhibit either over-dispersion or under-dispersion. The model is estimated by the method of maximum likelihood. Approximate tests for the dispersion and goodness-of-fit measures for comparing alternative models are discussed. Based on observations from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics of 1989 interviewing year, the empirical results support the fertility hypothesis of Becker and Lewis (1973). Received January 7, 1997 /Accepted April 3, 1997     

獭兔养殖综合技术研究

对獭兔的适应性、饲养管理、疾病防治、产品加工等养殖综合技术进行了研究,提出了獭兔的“三改、两杯、两早一分和两选两适”规范化饲养管理制度和疾病综合防治技术措施,探索出了优质獭兔毛皮和“富钙兔肉脯”的加工工艺以及獭兔良种推广的有效途径。     

多重网络中的词学研究

近20年来,词学研究有所进展,但仍存在一些问题。词学研究应在多重网络中展开。首先,词学是专门之学,但研究者仍需建构开放的知识网络。词乐研究虽有不少成果,但仍处于相对低潮。这与研究者受限于音乐知识,无法有效介入有关。词谱、词律等专门之学亦是如此。其次,可以尝试词学研究的时空延展,打造通观的“全息网络”,通过长时段的、大量的文本分析发现新话题。同时,注意域外汉籍,因为它们可以提供新文献,启发新视角,丰富文本网络。最后,要注意数字人文的发展趋向,要建设词学检索库,善用新技术,更新研究理念,以便及时因应。但数字人文终究只是辅助研究手段,技术取代不了阅读与思考,只有在传统研究的基础上,技术才能发挥更大的作用。     

Speech at the UN International Conference on Population,Mexico City,August, 1984

In seeking a solution to its population problem, China, as a developing socialist country, has been making unremitting efforts to develop economy while controlling the rapid growth. The objective is to control rapid population growth so that population growth may be in keeping with socioeconomic development and commensurate with utilization of natural resources and environmental protection. In the past decade, and particularly since 1979, China has made much progress in developing economy and gained remarkable successes in controlling population growth. The natural population growth rate dropped to 1.15% in 1983, from 2.089% in 1973. Living standards have improved with a gradual annual increase of per capita income. All this proves that the policy of promoting family planning to control population growth along with planned economic development is correct. In China family planning is a basic state policy. The government has advocated the practice of "1 couple, 1 child" since 1979. This does not mean that 1 couple could have 1 child only in every case. The government provides guidance for the implementation of family planning programs in the light of specific conditions such as economic developments, cultural background, population structure, and the wishes of the people in different localities. The requirements are more flexible in rural than in urban areas and more so among the people of national minorities than among the people of the Han Nationality. In rural areas, couples who have actual difficulties and want to have 2 children may have a 2nd birth with planned spacing. In carrying out its family planning program, China has consistently adhered to the principle of integrating state guidance with the masses' voluntariness. The government has always emphasized the importance of encouraging the people's own initiatives, through publicity and education, which is the key link in implementing the family planning program.     

A study on mortality rates and expectation of life at birth in demography]

An "age-time-area diagram" (referred to as a-t diagram) which is used as the basis for discussing different used and applications of variously defined mortality rates, as well two kinds of measurements for life expectancy is proprosed. The proposal is built upon the Lexis diagram. The a-t diagram is used to define a new way of measuring child mortality, projecting population, and proposing a formula for measuring successive and nonsuccessive life expectancy.     

加快建设宁波国际远洋集装箱中转枢纽港的发展思路和实施步骤及对策

我国是世界经济增长重心第五次大转移的主要增长极，长江三角洲地区将发展成为世界第六个特大城市带。这都要求把宁波港建设成为上海国际航运中心的远洋集装箱中转枢纽港。实现这个目标的基本思路及时策：沪、甬、舟三港联合起步形成组合港；成立杭州湾大通道开发公司并尽快建成杭州湾大通过；宁波港建成自由港（区）或实行自由港（区）主要政策；港口附近建几个外向型商品市场。     

债权治理与盈余质量:来自中国证券市场的经验证据

以2007-2008年非金融类上市公司为样本,研究了债权治理与盈余质量之间的关系,得到以下研究结论:资产负债率与盈余质量显著负相关,短期资产负债率与盈余质量显著负相关,长期资产负债率与盈余质量呈现出不显著的正相关关系。进一步研究后发现,短期债务融资是引发盈余质量恶化的主要原因,而长期债务融资虽然一定程度上改善了上市公司的盈余质量,但这种效果总的来说并不显著。此外,最终控制人的国有性质加剧了债务契约引发的盈余管理动机,恶化了盈余质量。