理性主义与西方现代性危机

理性主义是现代性的最基本原则,由理性主义衍生出现代社会的基本架构,即事实领域和价值领域的分离;现代人内在的知识冲动和精神冲动,即对本真性的追求;社会实践中的政治冲动,即追求人类的解放、自由和平等.理性主义及其衍生出的这些内容在构建西方现代社会中造成了现代性的危机,最本质的表现为道德和文化的相对主义、虚无主义,理性主义存在的三种状况是问题产生的最深层原因,这三种状况分别为理性的有限性、理性发展的偏差、理性的僭越.     

19世纪末20世纪初中国商人阶层的崛起

在漫长的中国封建社会中,商业被贬之日末务,商人也位于四民之末,士农工商的地位归序似乎成了中国封建社会亘古不变的模式.然而到了19世纪末20世纪初,随着民族危机日益加深,商战呼之欲出,商人团体相继成立,商会诞生,商人政治意识提高并且对政治广泛参与,使商人的社会地位发生了根本性的变化.商人阶层坚持不懈地努力终于迎来了清政府自上而下的重商措施的出台.清延设立商部以指导商人组织,制定商律以规范商人行动,颁行一系列工商的法规以奖商恤商,一系列新经济政策的实施使社会舆论开始从抑商转为誉商,商人在社会上广受赞扬,官员也开始纷纷投资经商.所有这些,促进了中国新的绅商阶层的形成,并进而带动了整个商人阶层随之崛起.     

《聊斋志异》众人中辨认贵人的印度母题溯源

众人中辨认贵人母题来自印度民间传说和佛经.印度故事注重被考验者艰苦实在的努力、经验积累、天神相助和英雄的胆略智慧.佛经母题演变的世俗化意趣在于,<聊斋志异>写出了北方乡里凡夫俗子农民式的小聪明.蒲松龄对母题贡献的本地风光,是与北方农村民情结合,似褒实贬,写出了不务正业者的成功并不牢靠,这与他一贯主张的青少年应艰苦创业的思想一致.     

抗战时期陕甘宁边区私营商业发展的政策因素及原因

抗日战争时期,陕甘宁边区对私营商业实行扶持和帮助的政策,以及边区经济社会的发展,使边区私营商业得到迅速的发展和繁荣,对于保障边区日用品的供给,改善群众生活,发展边区经济,打破敌人对边区的经济封锁,发挥了重要的作用。     

“史”的三重内涵及其史学意义

＂史＂字出现不久,就有史官、史事与史书之三重内涵。＂史掌官书以赞治＂的传统,不仅培养了史官积极参政的职责意识与审慎的记事态度,而且还有助于形成绵密的记事制度。＂史＂具有史事的义涵则与上古时期人类祭祀、狩猎等重大事件紧密相关,这对中国史学形成重人事的优良传统产生了直接的影响。随着记事的成熟和文献史料的积累,先秦时期的史书既已具备了较为完善的记事体例、编纂方法以及自觉的文献批判思想。＂史＂的三重内涵,对中国古代史学的发生发展具有重要而深远的价值。     

对中国寻租负效及其有效监督的思考

改革开放三十年多来,我国的市场经济建设取得了令世人瞩目的成就,国家和企业都形成了按市场规律做决策的观念。但是,在市场经济的实际运行中总会有部分政府公职人员、企业或个人去寻租,严重影响经济效率,有损社会的公平,也不利于市场经济的深化改革。本文具体探讨寻租的危害、产生及如何对政府进行有效监督从而减少寻租现象,以期使我国的社会主义市场经济健康、快速、高效地发展,促进社会公平,维持社会稳定。     

国际反恐怖合作:新态势、新发展和绩效评估

9·11事件以来,在国际社会反恐斗争的强大压力下,恐怖活动开始呈现出一些新的发展趋势,如高科技化、松散化、意识形态化、本土化、年轻化等.为应对国际恐怖主义的新发展,国际社会也加强了反恐领域的合作:构建和完善国际反恐合作的法律基础,加强和提高国际反恐合作的机制与效率,提升和更新国际反恐合作的装备与技术,实施和推进国际反恐合作的综合治理战略.如何认识与评估这些反恐合作的实际成效是一个难题.通过设立合作成本、合作能力与合作收益三个评价指标体系,以上海合作组织框架下的国际反恐合作为具体案例进行深度分析,探讨评估国际反恐合作的科学路径,可以对当前的国际反恐斗争提供一些有益的参考和借鉴.     

Ambidextrous Organizational Culture,Contextual Ambidexterity and New Product Innovation: A Comparative Study of UK and Chinese High‐tech Firms

Contextual ambidexterity is of paramount importance for new product innovation and organizational success, particularly in high‐tech firms operating in a dynamic environment. Whilst it is recognized that contextual ambidexterity is grounded in organizational culture, existing research has not crystallized what kind of organizational culture enables contextual ambidexterity and consequently new product innovation. In this paper, drawing on data from 150 UK and 242 Chinese high‐tech firms, we conceptualize ambidextrous organizational culture as a higher‐order construct consisting of organizational diversity and shared vision, and examine its impacts on contextual ambidexterity and consequently on new product innovation outcomes. Using structural equation modelling, we find significant relationships between ambidextrous organizational culture, contextual ambidexterity and new product innovation outcomes; contextual ambidexterity mediates the relationship between ambidextrous organizational culture and new product innovation outcomes. Our findings also suggest that the above relationships are robust in the UK–China comparative research context, and that contextual ambidexterity and new product innovation outcomes are dependent on business unit level heterogeneity (i.e. ambidextrous organizational culture and research and development strength) rather than industry or cross‐cultural differences.     

The empirical Bayes estimators of the parameter of the Poisson distribution with a conjugate gamma prior under Stein's loss function

For the hierarchical Poisson and gamma model, we calculate the Bayes posterior estimator of the parameter of the Poisson distribution under Stein's loss function which penalizes gross overestimation and gross underestimation equally and the corresponding Posterior Expected Stein's Loss (PESL). We also obtain the Bayes posterior estimator of the parameter under the squared error loss and the corresponding PESL. Moreover, we obtain the empirical Bayes estimators of the parameter of the Poisson distribution with a conjugate gamma prior by two methods. In numerical simulations, we have illustrated: The two inequalities of the Bayes posterior estimators and the PESLs; the moment estimators and the Maximum Likelihood Estimators (MLEs) are consistent estimators of the hyperparameters; the goodness-of-fit of the model to the simulated data. The numerical results indicate that the MLEs are better than the moment estimators when estimating the hyperparameters. Finally, we exploit the attendance data on 314 high school juniors from two urban high schools to illustrate our theoretical studies.     

The disaster relief and social work after the Wenchuan earthquake in Mainland China

ABSTRACT

This paper mainly focuses on the development of disaster social work in Mainland China and the intervention of social work in disaster relief. Before the Wenchuan earthquake and in the initial stage of post-earthquake, disaster social work was mainly based on individual psychotherapy; from the earthquake to the year of 2012 in which post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction was completed, the disaster relief began to emphasise community building and integration, while the basic framework for disaster social work was also established. Social workers begin to explore the new mode of developmental and localised disaster social work. By combining with the practical experiences from disaster social work, this paper tries to highlight the dilemmas confronting disaster relief in Mainland China and put forward some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, which could improve the future disaster relief system in Mainland China.