Decision support system for the batching problems of steelmaking and continuous-casting production

This paper investigates two batching problems for steelmaking and continuous-casting (SCC) production in an integrated iron and steel enterprise. The tasks of the problems are to make the decisions as how to consolidate ordered slabs into charges, and then how to group charges into casts. The effective decisions on these batching problems can help to balance the requirements of materials in downstream production lines, improve the customer satisfaction levels, and reduce production costs (including reduction of open ordered slabs, less slabs quality upgrading, reduction of steel-grade changeovers, and reduction of inefficient utilization of tundishes lives). We first formulate the problems as integer-programming models by consider practical constraints and requirements, and then develop the two heuristic algorithms for the corresponding batching problems. By embedding above models and algorithms, we develop decision support system (DSS) software with interactive planning editor. The DSS has been tested by using practical data set collected from the steelmaking plant in Baosteel which is one of the most advanced iron and steel enterprises in China. Computational experiments demonstrate that the models and algorithms developed can generate the satisfactory solutions when they work together with the planning editor in the DSS.     

服务业国际转移的模式选择及对策分析

本世纪初,以服务业转移为标志的新一轮全球产业转移浪潮正逐步兴起,服务业外包和服务业FDI是服务业国际转移中最重要的两种模式.通过建立发达国家服务业国际转移模式的选择模型,分析比较了发达国家在服务业国际转移过程中面临的外包模式、FDI模式和本国生产模式的成本差异,并且根据最小成本原则,确定了发达国家在不同情况下国际转移模式的不同选择.同时,分析了服务业外包和服务业FDI之间的替代关系和互补关系,据此提出承接国相应的承接对策.     

Analysis of postponement strategy by EPQ-based models with planned backorders

This paper develops economic production quantity (EPQ)-based models with planned backorders to evaluate the impact of the postponement strategy on a manufacturer in a supply chain. We derive the optimal total average costs per unit time for producing and keeping n end-products in a postponement system and a non-postponement system, respectively. By comparing the optimal total average costs of the two systems, we evaluate the impact of postponement on the manufacturer under four circumstances. Our results show that postponement strategy can give a lower total average cost under certain circumstances. We also find that the key factors in postponement decisions are the variance of the machine utilization rates and the variance of the backorder costs.     

管理者过度自信与企业投资行为异化——来自我国证券市场的经验证据

本文以非金融类A股上市公司为研究样本,考察了管理者过度自信与企业投资行为的关系。研究发现,过度自信的管理者倾向于过度投资,并对融资活动产生的现金流有更高的敏感性。即当公司有充裕的融资活动现金流时,过度自信的管理者会过度投资;反之,则投资不足。本文还发现,过度投资与经营活动产生的自由现金流之间的敏感性基本上不受管理者过度自信心理特征的影响,这与其它一些研究的结论不一致。     

云南边疆少数民族间的"康吧"经济交往模式:理论与实证分析

"康吧"交往是纳西族与傈僳族、藏族之间一种独特而历史悠久的物质交换模式,它不符合理性选择的逻辑却能世代延续至今,同时,不同民族间的"康吧"交往又存在差异。本文借鉴西方主流理论对这种古老的交往模式进行分析,从经济学、社会学、人类学的多重理论角度出发,采用访谈、观察与定量分析相结合的研究方法,对上述现象进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)资源依赖性、信任和互惠原则对"康吧"交往的延续至关重要;(2)货币市场和投机行为的出现导致"康吧"交往走向衰落,但情感互惠和资源互补使之至今存在;(3)自然资源条件、资源互补程度、社会历史背景和文化因素,对交往模式的差异都有重要影响作用。     

顾客参与一定会导致顾客满意吗——顾客自律倾向及参与方式的一致性对满意度的影响

在产品或服务的生产过程中,顾客参与行为越来越普遍。营销文献主要集中在顾客参与带来的经济影响上,对顾客参与方式、顾客心理特质基本没有涉及。本文在已有文献的基础上,通过模拟情景实验法探讨顾客参与对顾客满意的影响。研究表明,顾客参与本身并不是顾客满意的直接刺激因素,感知参与方式的一致性、自身的自律倾向和不同的服务结果都会对满意度产生不同程度的影响。     

基于IDT/TTF整合模型的企业移动服务采纳实证研究

本文基于创新扩散理论(Innovation Diffusion Theory)和技术任务匹配理论(Task-technology Fit)提出了一个分析企业对于移动服务采纳行为的综合模型。通过中国四大电信公司的客户服务部门从80个不同行业的企业收集调查数据,利用SPSS统计软件对模型量表进行了信度效度分析,并采用Graph3.0分析软件对研究模型的假设进行了检验。研究结果表明,该模型对理解、预测和解释企业对于移动服务采纳行为具有一定的实际意义。     

The Role of Emotions in Risk Communication

We present two experiments investigating the role of emotions concerning technological and natural hazards. In the first experiment, technological hazards aroused stronger emotions, and were considered to be riskier than natural hazards. No differences were found between the texts versus audio presentations. However, the presence of pictures aroused stronger emotions and increased the perceived risk. Emotions play a mediating role between hazard types and perceived risk, as well as between pictures and perceived risk. The second experiment adopted real‐world materials from webpages and TV. Emotions again play a mediating role between pictorial information and risk perception. Moreover, specific emotions were found to be associated with different types of action tendencies. For example, loss‐based emotions (e.g., fear, regret) tend to lead to prevention strategies, whereas ethical emotions (e.g., anger) lead to aggressive behavior. We also find that loss‐based emotions in the technical hazard scenario trigger more coping strategies (from prevention to retaliation) than in the natural hazard scenario.     

Determinants and Mapping of Collective Perceptions of Technological Risk: The Case of the Second Nuclear Power Plant in Taiwan

Nuclear power is a highly controversial and salient example of environmental risk. The siting or operating of a nuclear power plant often faces widespread public opposition. Although studies of public perceptions of nuclear power date back to 1970s, little research attempts to explain the spatial heterogeneity of risk attitude toward nuclear power among individuals or communities. This article intends to improve the knowledge about the major factors contributing to nuclear power plant risk perceptions by mapping the geographical patterns of local risk perception and examining the determinants in forming the nature and distribution of the perceived risk among potentially affected population. The analysis was conducted by a case study of the Second Nuclear Power Plant (SNPP) in Taiwan by using a novel methodology that incorporates a comprehensive risk perception (CRP) model into an ethnographic approach called risk perception mapping (RPM). First, we examined the determinants of local nuclear power risk perceptions through the CRP model and multivariate regression analysis. Second, the results were integrated with the RPM approach to map and explain the spatial pattern of risk perceptions. The findings demonstrate that the respondents regard the nuclear power plant as an extremely high‐risk facility, causing them to oppose the SNPP and reject the compensation payment to accept its continuing operation. Results also indicate that perceptions of nuclear power risk were mainly influenced by social trust, psychological and socioeconomic attributes, proximity, and the perceived effects of the SNPP on the quality of everyday life.     

On the distance paired domination of generalized Petersen graphs <Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>,1) and <Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>,2)

Let G=(V,E) be a graph without an isolated vertex. A set D⊆V(G) is a k -distance paired dominating set of G if D is a k-distance dominating set of G and the induced subgraph 〈D〉 has a perfect matching. The minimum cardinality of a k-distance paired dominating set for graph G is the k -distance paired domination number, denoted by γ _p ^k (G). In this paper, we determine the exact k-distance paired domination number of generalized Petersen graphs P(n,1) and P(n,2) for all k≥1.