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871.
在领导俄共(布)执政的过程中,列宁提出了无产阶级执政党要协调与社会其他阶级、阶层关系的重要主张.他强调,广大阶级和阶层的充分支持是巩固党的执政地位的重要保证;要通过和农民建立经济上的结合,争取农民政治上的稳固支持;要珍视旧社会遗留下来的专家,依靠他们建设社会主义;要和小资产阶级民主派建立"睦邻友好关系",同他们合理磋商.学习列宁的这些思想主张对我们党不断巩固与扩大执政基础和构建社会主义和谐社会具有重大的现实意义. 相似文献
872.
从某种程度说,1930年代中国政治学研究已经达到了相当高的研究水平,涌现出一批优秀政治学家,出版了一批高质量的研究专著,并于1932年成立了中国政治学会。此种研究状态的持存自有其独特的社会政治空间。首先,社会自由促发民主革命的政治革命逻辑使任何当政者都不得不宣称政府的民主合法性;其次,教授治校和出版言论自由,为政治学研究提供了政治民主空间;最后,流动迁徙自由与相对优厚的教员薪俸,为政治学研究提供了社会自由的社会经济基础。 相似文献
873.
思想政治教育的出发点、过程和目的不可分割,思想政治教育的出发点对于研究思想政治教育目的和教育过程具有前提性意义。西方国家的思想政治教育以人的本质为出发点,中国古代思想政治教育以人性为出发点,革命年代和计划经济时期我国思想政治教育以人的社会本质为出发点。历史上的思想政治教育出发点都有自己的局限性,不能生成自由全面发展的人。现代思想政治教育以人的存在为出发点,沟通了思想政治教育目的,改进了思想政治教育过程,对当前人的生存困境的化解也有重大现实意义。 相似文献
874.
俄罗斯作家高尔基和宗教哲学家别尔嘉耶夫都曾就俄罗斯民族灵魂的双重性、民族心理和民族命运的关系、集体主义和个性主义等问题分别进行过探讨,其观点和结论远不是一致的,但又具有某些联系和交叉,从而构成一种既彼此冲突、又互补互释的对话格局.考察他们各自的见解及其对话关系.对于深入认识20世纪前期俄罗斯文学精神与思想成果,有着显而易见的意叉. 相似文献
875.
近几年来,浙江城郊农村撤村建居过程中招赘婚姻比例上升。本文阐释这类现象背后的行动逻辑,即招赘婚姻的正功能,以及可能给农民市民化带来的负面效应,由此呈现农民市民化的复杂性。 相似文献
876.
超越应当的逻辑——马克思政治哲学的历史主义方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
当代自由主义对马克思政治哲学的批评,主要集中在方法论上,不过,它所依据的,是一种从应当的道义原则出发推论出理想社会的应当的逻辑。在这一逻辑中,人与自然、自由意志与必然性、事实与价值之间的分立是一个关键点。实际上,马克思一直致力于超越应当的逻辑的方法论建构。他在历史主义基础上阐明了普遍规范的历史性质,从而将他关于共产主义的价值目标建立在对社会历史的认知性考察之上。这就使他在历史尺度与价值尺度相统一的新地基上,阐明了他区别于自由主义的政治哲学。 相似文献
877.
878.
在当前中国劳动力市场中,有关性别工资收入差异的诸多传统理论解释均遇到了一定程度的挑战。基于社会资本的理论视角,文章运用2009年中国八大城市社会网络与职业经历调查数据(JSnet2009),对性别收入差异议题进行再检验。在阐释了社会资本影响性别收入差异的机制后,文章进一步分解了社会资本对性别收入差异的贡献额。Oaxaca-Blinder分解显示,女性的社会资本欠缺,可解释性别收入差异的12.7%,占总解释量的70%以上;分位数回归分解进一步显示,在中高收入群体中,社会资本的性别差异更大,对性别收入差距的贡献更高,并且女性劳动者的社会资本回报率也显著低于男性;另外,女性在社会资本上欠缺还是导致职业性别隔离现象的重要原因。 相似文献
879.
一般认为犹太民族历尽磨难而始终能够实现新的发展,得益于其坚定的犹太教信仰,但是犹太历史上不同处境下确实客观存在一些犹太人被迫或主动改教、改宗的行为。运用"宗教市场论"这一宗教社会学理论可以对这种现象给出合理解释。通过对犹太教历史相关史实的分析,揭示出社会资本与宗教资本之间存在一种张力,而且这种张力表现为此消彼长的关系,并贯穿于犹太人进行宗教选择的整个过程。犹太人正是基于对这种张力的消长判断,来做出"理性"的宗教选择。相较之下,传统犹太教更为看重宗教资本,而近代以来的犹太人则偏向社会资本。纠结于二者之间的现代犹太人往往选择折中处理,从而推动了保守派犹太教的发展。 相似文献
880.
The post-Victorian anthropologist Baldwin Spencer was the first to investigate the central and northern aboriginal tribes of Australia. His ethnographic works in this area have greatly in-fluenced related disciplines and studies in fields such as kinship, totem worship, and primitive reli-gions. In the field of classics and anthropology, Spencer’s academic heritage has received wide-spread respect and recognition, and has made sub-sequent academic discussion possible. In order to present Spencer’s personal experiences and aca-demic ideas clearly and comprehensively, it is nec-essary to return to the post-Victorian context, and comb Spencer’ s life history and academic history. Taking important clues from various times an e-vents in his life, the paper introduces three peri-ods:Spencer’s early training in the discipline and his epistemic background, his medium-term eth-nographic investigations and works, and the later investigations of Tierra del Fuego. Textual study, based on Spencer’s life history and academic histo-ry, is very useful to understand his ethnographic investigations. Sir Walter Baldwin Spencer ( 1860 -1929 ) was born on 23 June, 1860 in Lancashire, Eng-land. Spencer was educated at Old Trafford School and at the Manchester School of Art. His interest in art and sketching was lifelong, and would reveal itself in his competence as a scientific draftsman and illustrator ( D. J. Mulvaney,1990 ) . Entering Owens College ( Victoria University of Manchester) in 1879, Spencer intended to study medicine. In-spired by Milnes Marshall, a disciple of Darwin disciple, he became a committed evolutionary biol-ogist, soon abandoning conventional religion. He entered the University of Oxford in 1881 to study
science under Professor H. N. Moseley, who com-bined an enthusiasm for evolutionary biology with ethnological interests. Spencer grasped Oxford ’ s diverse opportunities, which included lectures by Ruskin and E. B. Tylor. In 1887, Spencer ar-rived at Melbourne University . With his colleague Professor David Masson, Spencer helped to trans-form university standards and they co-operated as entrepreneurs of Australian science. Spencer was recruited as zoologist and photog-rapher in the 1894 Horn scientific exploration ex-pedition to central Australia. His anthropological interest was rekindled when he met F. J. Gillen, the Alice Springs postmaster, during the expedi-tion. In 1896 Spencer joined Gillen for the most intensive fieldwork then attempted in Australia. The Native Tribes of Central Australia ( 1899 ) , which resulted, was to influence contemporary theories on social evolution and interpretations of the origins of art and ceremonial practices. Spencer and Gillen drove a buggy from Oodnadatta to Borroloola in 1901-02 . Their research resulted in The Northern Tribes of Central Australia ( 1904 );Haddon had written that the names of Spencer and Gillen are familiar to every ethnologist in the world, and probably no books on ethnology have been so wide-ly noticed and criticized as have The Native Tribes of Central Australia and The Northern Tribes of Central Australia (A. C. Haddon ,1902). To assist the Government of the Common-wealth, Spencer was appointed Special Commis-sioner for Aboriginals in the Northern Territory, and also their Chief Protector. He also led three other scientists, including J. A. Gilruth, on the 1911 Preliminary Scientific Expedition. Native Tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia (1914)
described his ethnographic observations and the ex-tensive collections made on the expedition. At the government ’ s request, Spencer visited Alice Springs and Hermannsburg in 1923 . He published The Arunta: A Study of a Stone Age People ( 2 vols, 1927 ) to respond to the criticisms derived from Carl Stretlow and defend his work. A popular rewrite of previous books followed—Wanderings in Wild Australia ( 2 vols, 1928 )—this time under his sole authorship. Spencer retired as emeritus professor in 1919 . His nerves and his judgments were impaired from the strain of continuous overwork, the virtual disin-tegration of his marriage, and he was finally hospi-talized in 1921 . His health improved and within two years he resumed anthropological activities and rebuilt his art collection. He sailed to Tierra del Fuego together with Jean Hamilton to undertake anthropological studies early in 1929. Spencer, with an unrivalled record of anthropological field-work in Australia, undertook this journey to fill a gap in our knowledge, and compare very different and remote races of mankind (A. C. H. ,1931). However, his gallant attempt was prematurely frus-trated by his death from angina pectoris, at which point he had been only two months in the field. His notes were organized and published as Spencer’s Last Journey (1931). His achievements were recognized. Elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1900 , he was ap-pointed C. M. G. in 1904 and K. C. M. G. in 1916 . Manchester University conferred him with an honorary doctorate of science, while Melbourne a-warded him a doctorate of letters. Exeter College, Oxford, elected him to an honorary fellowship in 1907 , and stained glass in its hall commemorates his contribution. James Frazer’s letter to Spencer in 1899 was prophetic: books like mine, merely speculative, will be superseded sooner or later ( the sooner the better for the sake of truth) by bet-ter induction based on fuller knowledge;books like yours, containing records of observations, will nev-er be superseded ( John M. Cooper, 1932 ) . Therefore, the sense and value of reading and un-derstanding Spencer and his books today goes with-out saying. 相似文献
science under Professor H. N. Moseley, who com-bined an enthusiasm for evolutionary biology with ethnological interests. Spencer grasped Oxford ’ s diverse opportunities, which included lectures by Ruskin and E. B. Tylor. In 1887, Spencer ar-rived at Melbourne University . With his colleague Professor David Masson, Spencer helped to trans-form university standards and they co-operated as entrepreneurs of Australian science. Spencer was recruited as zoologist and photog-rapher in the 1894 Horn scientific exploration ex-pedition to central Australia. His anthropological interest was rekindled when he met F. J. Gillen, the Alice Springs postmaster, during the expedi-tion. In 1896 Spencer joined Gillen for the most intensive fieldwork then attempted in Australia. The Native Tribes of Central Australia ( 1899 ) , which resulted, was to influence contemporary theories on social evolution and interpretations of the origins of art and ceremonial practices. Spencer and Gillen drove a buggy from Oodnadatta to Borroloola in 1901-02 . Their research resulted in The Northern Tribes of Central Australia ( 1904 );Haddon had written that the names of Spencer and Gillen are familiar to every ethnologist in the world, and probably no books on ethnology have been so wide-ly noticed and criticized as have The Native Tribes of Central Australia and The Northern Tribes of Central Australia (A. C. Haddon ,1902). To assist the Government of the Common-wealth, Spencer was appointed Special Commis-sioner for Aboriginals in the Northern Territory, and also their Chief Protector. He also led three other scientists, including J. A. Gilruth, on the 1911 Preliminary Scientific Expedition. Native Tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia (1914)
described his ethnographic observations and the ex-tensive collections made on the expedition. At the government ’ s request, Spencer visited Alice Springs and Hermannsburg in 1923 . He published The Arunta: A Study of a Stone Age People ( 2 vols, 1927 ) to respond to the criticisms derived from Carl Stretlow and defend his work. A popular rewrite of previous books followed—Wanderings in Wild Australia ( 2 vols, 1928 )—this time under his sole authorship. Spencer retired as emeritus professor in 1919 . His nerves and his judgments were impaired from the strain of continuous overwork, the virtual disin-tegration of his marriage, and he was finally hospi-talized in 1921 . His health improved and within two years he resumed anthropological activities and rebuilt his art collection. He sailed to Tierra del Fuego together with Jean Hamilton to undertake anthropological studies early in 1929. Spencer, with an unrivalled record of anthropological field-work in Australia, undertook this journey to fill a gap in our knowledge, and compare very different and remote races of mankind (A. C. H. ,1931). However, his gallant attempt was prematurely frus-trated by his death from angina pectoris, at which point he had been only two months in the field. His notes were organized and published as Spencer’s Last Journey (1931). His achievements were recognized. Elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1900 , he was ap-pointed C. M. G. in 1904 and K. C. M. G. in 1916 . Manchester University conferred him with an honorary doctorate of science, while Melbourne a-warded him a doctorate of letters. Exeter College, Oxford, elected him to an honorary fellowship in 1907 , and stained glass in its hall commemorates his contribution. James Frazer’s letter to Spencer in 1899 was prophetic: books like mine, merely speculative, will be superseded sooner or later ( the sooner the better for the sake of truth) by bet-ter induction based on fuller knowledge;books like yours, containing records of observations, will nev-er be superseded ( John M. Cooper, 1932 ) . Therefore, the sense and value of reading and un-derstanding Spencer and his books today goes with-out saying. 相似文献