A Novel Human Error Probability Assessment Using Fuzzy Modeling

Human error is one of the significant factors contributing to accidents. Traditional human error probability (HEP) studies based on fuzzy number concepts are one of the contributions addressing such a problem. It is particularly useful under circumstances where the lack of data exists. However, the degree of the discriminability of such studies may be questioned when applied under circumstances where experts have adequate information and specific values can be determined in the abscissa of the membership function of linguistic terms, that is, the fuzzy data of each scenario considered are close to each other. In this article, a novel HEP assessment aimed at solving such a difficulty is proposed. Under the framework, the fuzzy data are equipped with linguistic terms and membership values. By establishing a rule base for data combination, followed by the defuzzification and HEP transformation processes, the HEP results can be acquired. The methodology is first examined using a test case consisting of three different scenarios of which the fuzzy data are close to each other. The results generated are compared with the outcomes produced from the traditional fuzzy HEP studies using the same test case. It is concluded that the methodology proposed in this study has a higher degree of the discriminability and is capable of providing more reasonable results. Furthermore, in situations where the lack of data exists, the proposed approach is also capable of providing the range of the HEP results based on different risk viewpoints arbitrarily established as illustrated using a real‐world example.     

Cost Allocation in Manufacturing–Remanufacturing Operations

For firms remanufacturing their products, the total life‐cycle costs and revenues from new and remanufactured products determine their profitability. In many firms, manufacturing/sales and remanufacturing/remarketing operations are carried out in different divisions. Each division is responsible for only part of the product's life cycle. Practices regarding transfer pricing across divisions vary significantly among companies, affecting the life‐cycle profit performance of the product. In this research, we identify characteristics of transfer prices that achieve the firm‐wide optimal solution. To this end, we consider a manufacturer who also undertakes remanufacturing operations and we focus on price (quantity) decisions. We determine that a cost allocation mechanism that allocates a portion of the initial production cost to each of the two stages of the product life cycle should be used. We also conclude that cost allocation should be implemented as a fixed cost allocation, where charges to the remanufacturing division should be determined independently of the actual quantity of units remanufactured.     

环境保护的宏观经济成本分析

本文讨论了环境经济成本问题,提出环境治理成本和环境机会成本两组概念,并用投入占用产出方法研究了宏观经济环境机会成本核算。     

关于历史考察课的认识与实践

历史考察课是传统的课堂教学所不能取代的 ,它能激发大学生旺盛的求知欲和探索问题的强烈兴趣     

胡塞尔《逻辑研究》中关于含义的观点及其发展

本文在论述了含义问题理论背景的基础上,结合德里达对胡塞尔第一研究的批判以及一些英美哲学家的观点,阐述了胡塞尔<逻辑研究>中关于含义的基本观点,还介绍了胡塞尔关于含义观点的后续发展.指出胡塞尔由一种受到其纯粹逻辑学控制的种类意义上的含义向一种现象学的和本体论意义上的含义或意义的发展路径.     

地方本科院校构建创业教育实训基地的理论与实践研究

创业教育实训基地是进行创业教育和创业实践的重要平台,是提高创业教育实效的基本途径。基地建设必须在正确的思想指导下,遵循科学合理的建设原则,搭建功能齐全的平台,健全保障体系和效果检测系统,不断提高创业教育实训的教学效果。     

哈贝马斯对社会权力的二元诠释——从马克思存在论角度进行的一种解读

哈贝马斯从生活世界与系统的二元区分角度解读社会异化状况,将它解释为生活世界的殖民化。在他看来,社会权力源自交往的扭曲,它们是造成生活世界殖民化的原因之一。从马克思的存在论视域看,哈贝马斯注意到系统与社会权力的直接关联,亦察觉到社会权力对生活世界干预所导致的负面效应,但他并未揭示出社会权力的真正本质。哈贝马斯直接用政治理性设定社会权力的存在,并在政治理性视域下描述社会权力的制度化,这样,哈贝马斯非但不能发现社会权力的真实起源,也无法真正扬弃资本的权力。在哈贝马斯那里,生活世界与系统的二元区分,实质上不过是应用政治理性与生活世界的多元利益的张力诠释社会权力起源的一种叙述策略。     

工人对工会的“不满”——来自湖北省三家国有汽车企业的实证研究

本研究基于对于H省三家国有汽车生产企业512名职工的问卷调查和30名管理者、工会官员和工人的半结构访谈的基础上完成.文章描述了职工对于企业工会的总体评价;职工个人特征与其对工会不同评价的关系.尽管工人中明显存在着对工会的不满,但绝大多数工人认为工会是必要的.文章讨论了职工对工会不满的表现和他们对于工会的不同期望.文章提出,仅仅将工人组织进工会是不够的,只要满足工人的期望,工人才可以真正地"保持"在工会中.     

中国经济增长面临的挑战和机遇

从2007年下半年到2008年,中国经济增长开始出现转折.针对当前的世界经济危机,文章阐述了当前中国经济增长中的主要问题,进而指出通过积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策来稳定和维持中国的经济增长,为世界经济的发展作出贡献.     

论英汉虚义动词结构之异同

虚义动词发挥的根本性作用不外乎两点:一是济造句之穷;二是提供一种更适合语用需要的表达方式.英汉虚义动词各具特点,在使用范围、表意特点,以及内外部结合规律等方面体现出诸多差异.虚义动词为我们提供一个由汉语看世界语言、由世界语言看汉语的理想之窗.