我国高校扩招后办学效率和生产率的变化

高校扩招时期我国高等教育的快速发展是否属于“粗放型”？高校办学规模减速后是否逐步走上了内涵式发展道路？本文以教育部直属高校为分析对象,采用DEA-Malmquist指数分析并回答这两个问题.研究发现,高校扩招至2006年之前,教育部直属高校的快速发展属于有质量的增长,这一时期全要素生产率的大幅提升与技术进步和技术效率改善都有关系,但技术进步的贡献更大.2006年之后,由于技术进步的促进作用逐步消失,以及追赶效应的“自然衰老”,生产率的增长出现明显的放缓.但是,如果考虑有质量的产出,2006年后技术效率的下降幅度并不明显,这在一定程度上验证了内涵式发展目标的成效.     

基于化学反应算法的鲜活农产品配送路径优化

文章通过引入时间价格因子考虑在鲜活农产品配送过程的损耗并结合运输成本和惩罚成本构建数学模型.从实际的运用环境出发,考虑到未在期望获得时间内达到运输地点的成本消耗,并且随着时间的推移,鲜活农产品本身也有成本损耗构建目标函数.根据该模型的特点设计化学反应的最小单元分子结构和算法步骤.运用化学反应算法可以很好地解决模型算法过早收敛于局部最优问题.通过实例验证了模型和算法的有效性和科学性.     

企业内部控制有效性影响因素的实证

作为公司治理的核心,董事会负责公司的重大决策和对管理层的监督,对公司内部控制的设计与实施效果有着重要影响.文章以2012-2014年国内A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了董事会治理特征对公司内部控制有效性的影响.检验结果表明,上市公司董事会的规模与会议次数与内部控制有效性无关;独立董事比例、审计委员会的设立、董事持股比例与内部控制有效性正相关;董事长与CEO二职合一与内部控制有效性负相关.     

Calculable Power: A Case Study of IMF Quotas and Voting Rights Reform*

Voting procedure is an important mechanism for public choice in collective bodies such as international organizations. This paper measures and compares IMF member countries’ voting power before the 2008 reform and after the 2010 reform on the basis of datasets on IMF quotas and voting rights distribution provided by IMF. Our study verifies that IMF’s quotas and voting rights reforms do help to reduce the voting power gap among member countries. The 2008 and 2010 reforms produce a greater improvement in emerging members’ voting power under the 70 percent majority rule than the 85 percent rule; the 70 percent majority rule means the United States would lose its absolute veto. Moreover, the paper disproves the underlying assumption that regards a member’s voting power as proportional to its voting rights. Countries with different amounts of voting rights can still have the same voting power.     

论古代白犬书写的文化内涵——以史志、 志怪小说为中心

从文献记载看,古代白犬书写的意义指向比较复杂,总体来看表现为两大文化功能:一是用以祈福辟邪;二是象征怪异.白犬用来祈福辟邪,主要表现在祭祀祈禳、 豢养以辟邪和进入药理几个方面;而象征怪异这一文化现象,先是经过汉代谶纬叙事的发挥而广泛流布,后又进入志怪小说的精怪叙事,在后世形成了谶纬叙事与精怪叙事并存的故事形态."见白犬必有灾咎"这一言说模式得以固定下来.     

广州市非遗数字化保护的困境与对策研究

广州市现有市级以上非物质文化遗产180余项,其数字化保护方面存在着制度不完善、人才匮乏、技术规则无统一标准等困境,课题组调研后建议从三个方面推动非遗数字化保护:一是制定平台建设、非遗信息采集、传承人知识产权保护、非遗产业化开发等方面的操作制度,推动非遗数字化进程;二是编制科学规划,分阶段实现非遗项目的深度数字化;三是加强与大、中小学合作,尤其是加强与职业类院校合作,推动非遗传承人走进职业院校成立"技能大师工作室",发掘培养潜在传承人,建立专业人才队伍.     

A balancing act in urban social-ecology: human appreciation,ponds and dragonflies

Green spaces in cities provide cultural ecosystems services (CES) such as nature connection, wildlife interaction and aesthetic appreciation which can improve aspects of human well-being. Recognising these benefits, researchers are now examining the complex relationship between humans and nature in urban social-ecology. Most studies investigate people’s appreciation and valuation of different green space features and their contribution to urban biodiversity. Recommendations arising from such studies are best practices to achieve a balance between landscape aesthetic and ecological objectives, but many knowledge gaps still exist. In a social-ecological project in Greater London, appreciation of ponds and dragonflies in urban green spaces, and the environmental factors determining dragonfly diversity were investigated. We found ponds and their appearance were valued by people as enhancing their green space experience. The preference for wild-looking ponds was moderate. Dragonflies were enjoyed for their colour and high visibility, especially by those who had basic dragonfly knowledge. Species richness of dragonflies was positively associated with habitat heterogeneity in and around a pond. However, people were unable to relate a heterogeneous pond to more dragonfly species. For the first time, some factors that influence the human appreciation-ponds-dragonflies (HPD) relationship in an urban context are revealed. To fully realise the CES potential of ponds and dragonflies in Greater London, a HPD framework is proposed. The framework underpins strategies that foster cultural sustainability for ponds and dragonfly conservation.     

珠江三角洲城市社会极化与新型城镇化路径选择

城市社会极化是城市社会分异的不平衡和极端状态,不同的城镇化路径选择,将直接影响到城市社会分异和极化程度。改革开放以来珠三角的城市社会分异持续加速,出现了越来越明显的城市社会极化现象,并引发了一系列社会民生问题。显然,传统的以经济发展为导向、忽略人与社会发展的城镇化路径是其产生的重要原因。本研究从城市社会极化的视角出发,通过对珠三角城市社会极化现象及其产生的社会民生问题的分析,对传统城镇化路径中出现的问题进行反思,并以此为基础提出新型城镇化路径选择的方向。     

Two new estimators for the proportion of true null hypotheses in multiple test

In multiple hypothesis test, an important problem is estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses. Existing methods are mainly based on the p-values of the single tests. In this paper, we propose two new estimations for this proportion. One is a natural extension of the commonly used methods based on p-values and the other is based on a mixed distribution. Simulations show that the first method is comparable with existing methods and performs better under some cases. And the method based on a mixed distribution can get accurate estimators even if the variance of data is large or the difference between the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis is very small.     

The classing gaze and its gendering effects: (dis)‐respectability,emotional (in)‐competency,and the counselling experiences of domestically violent Taiwanese men

Research on domestically violent men typically takes an oppositional logic of gender. While the significance of class in researching domestically violent men is identified, class and gender are often treated as separate entities that do not complicate each other. Drawing upon group observations and in‐depth interviews, this paper identifies how intersections of class and gender manifest in the counselling experiences of domestically violent Taiwanese men. From a Bourdieusian feminist analysis, the authors analyse (1) how class distinctions serve to (re)produce gendered hierarchy; (2) how contradictory experiences of gender reveal a relational understanding of class; and (3) how the gendered nature of domestically violent men is inscribed with a meaning of (working) class specificity for maintaining middle‐class ‘purity’. In analysing men's multiple and conflicting experiences, this paper contributes to research on domestically violent men by showing how class and gender are actively constructed and not produced in a monolithic/invariant way.