Multiple comparisons of exponential location parameters with a control based on doubly censored sample under heteroscedasticity

In this article, a one-sample procedure for multiple comparisons of exponential location parameters with a control under heteroscedasticity is proposed. The observations are obtained by doubly censored samples. A one-sided and two-sided confidence intervals are used to perform such multiple comparisons. Statistical tables of critical values and an example of comparing four drugs in treating leukemia are provided.     

Contents of heavy metals in arable soils and birth defect risks in Shanxi, China: a small area level geographic study

The burgeoning demands of China’s urbanization and industrial development put pressure on the resources of the entire country and have direct and indirect effects on the health of individuals, at times in areas far removed from cities themselves. Current evidence suggests that heavy metal pollution in soil, a common by-product of coal mining and other industrial activities, may be linked to risk of birth defects. We examine this hypothesis using small area level data including soil samples and detailed birth records from 2002 to 2004 from 97 villages in Shanxi province, a heavy coal-mining region. We find that soils containing arsenic, lead, and nickel are significantly correlated with the incidence of birth defects. In particular, we find a strong positive dose-dependent association of birth defects with lead, a moderate positive effect with arsenic, and a dose-dependent negative association with nickel. These results are consistent with the postulated link between arsenic and lead and human birth defects, but raise questions about the effects of nickel in this context. China’s rapid urbanization underscores the need for closer attention to the relationship between the health and the environment.     

指类句的修辞性嬗变

指类句可加以改造而获得特定修辞效果,"全都……,只有……"这一句式就是一例。此类修辞效果是通过"全都……"增强语句的语义信息到极致获得反衬,继而通过"只有……"突显例外现象实现的。指类句是对一类事物属性的隐性全称量化,同时又容忍例外现象。对指类句的元语用分析表明,在元语用层次,理解指类句的认知机制、指类句理解的心理逻辑和语言使用的会话修辞逻辑使得这种改造成为可能。     

Understanding the Kuznets Process—An Empirical Investigation of Income Inequality in China: 1978–2011

The constrict claim that ethnic heterogeneity drives down social trust has been empirically tested across the globe. Meta-analyses suggest that neighbourhood ethnic heterogeneity generally undermines ties within the neighbourhood (such as trust in neighbours), but concurrently has an inconsistent or even positive effect on interethnic ties (such as outgroup trust). While the composition of the living environment thus often seems to matter, when and where remain unclear. We contribute to the literature by: (1) scrutinizing the extent to which ethnic heterogeneity drives down trust in coethnic neighbours, non-coethnic neighbours, unknown neighbours and unknown non-neighbours similarly; (2) comparing effects of heterogeneity aggregated to geographical areas that vary in scale and type of boundary; and (3) assessing whether the impact of heterogeneity of the local area depends on the wider geographic context. We test our hypotheses on the Religion in Dutch Society 2011–2012 dataset, supplemented with uniquely detailed GIS-data of Statistics Netherlands. Our dependent variables are four different so-called wallet-items, which we model through spatial and multilevel regression techniques. We demonstrate that both trust in non-coethnic and coethnic neighbours are lower in heterogeneous environments. Trust in people outside the neighbourhood is not affected by local heterogeneity. Measures of heterogeneity aggregated to relatively large scales, such as, administrative municipalities and egohoods with a 4000 m radius, demonstrate the strongest negative relationships with our trust indicators.     

网络女主播生存状态的理性透视

随着各类直播平台的增加,从业门槛的不断下降,网络女主播的数量急剧攀升。目前,网络女主播收入不稳定、竞争压力大、社会认可度低,其生存状态不容乐观。只有改变社会冷视,关爱女主播;改进平台建设,培养其责任感;优化网络内容制作,引领受众健康、稳定的需求;健全规范,形成"国家—行业—平台"三级规范体制;才能真正保障网络女主播的合法权益。     

中国共产党与河南红枪会

红枪会是20世纪二三十年代主要活跃于冀鲁豫一带的农民自卫组织,起源于河南并以河南为盛.中国共产党对红枪会的性质和作用进行了正确分析,在国民革命、抗日战争和解放战争的不同历史时期对红枪会积极进行改造和争取,使其最大限度地为我党领导的革命事业服务.     

再论社会工作三元（教研习）教育模式--社会工作教师承办服务的利弊

当前社会工作服务在国家政策支持和社会现实需要下得到了迅猛的发展,而社会工作教师纷纷通过成立机构来承办各项政府购买服务,此现象是利是弊?社会工作教育者理论上要做到教学、科研和实习结合(为三元模式),但发展三元模式存在着资金、师资和验证成效等的困难。本文将就此探讨社工教师承办社工服务的现状,并通过应用珠海经验,探讨如何利用机遇,推进社工教育的三元结合模式。     

广西边远地区农村教育资源闲置问题实证研究——以百色为例

教育资源闲置是教育资源完全或部分没有发挥教育功能的状态,具有绝对闲置和相对闲置两种含义。文章以百色农村教育资源为例,分析了广西边远地区农村教育资源闲置在小学和初中两个层面的表现,并分析了造成广西边远地区农村教育资源闲置的原因;文章认为,提高广西边远地区农村经济发展水平、拓宽融资渠道、优化教育资源配置、灵活撤并教学点、改变闲置校舍的用途以及合理解决代课教师问题是解决广西边远地区农村教育资源闲置问题的可能途径。     

新时期纪实摄影的发展与创新

新时期以来,纪实摄影全面真实地记录了我国改革开放的全过程和建设小康社会的伟大实践,充分发挥了纪实摄影作为舆论导向和监督批评的作用,使之成为连接党和人民之间的桥梁和纽带.在当前政治、经济、文化深刻变革的新形势下,纪实摄影家要具有强烈的社会责任感,创作出更多反映广大人民理想、愿望、追求的纪实摄影精品,必须走中国特色的纪实摄影发展道路,探索纪实摄影发展的创新途径.