战争烽火中的校园文艺社团:中国学生导报社

抗战时期,中国学生导报社是一个活跃于战时首都重庆的校园文艺社团。在战争烽火之中,中国学生导报社在校园和社会上都开展了大量的文艺活动,并且得到了文艺前辈的指导,创作了一批颇具价值的文艺作品。这些文艺创作内容上通俗晓畅,充满了战斗的时代气息,极大丰富了抗战时期的校园学生文艺。     

"李约瑟难题"研究评述

对于著名的“李约瑟难题”,学者们有的从科技发展的内在逻辑和规律出发,指出语言、逻辑、思维、文化等是“难题”之解;有的从科技所处的外在环境出发,指出经济、政治、自然地理、技术需求、技术供给是“难题”之解;也有学者对“难题”本身进行质疑,提出了无科学说、科学特殊论、应答域无限定说、逻辑矛盾说。本文评述了这些观点,指出了当前“李约瑟难题”研究陷入困境的原因,探讨了进一步研究的方向。     

试论我国古代的物价管理制度——以简牍文书为中心考察

本文以考古发掘的秦、汉和唐代的简牍与文书为主要研究对象,结合传世史籍和资料,从法学、史学、经济学的视角,考察我国古代物价管理制度的发展演变历程。本文认为,我国古代物价管理制度的演进,以西周为起点,经秦汉的发展,至唐代制度化;唐代物价管理制度垂范于其后历代王朝。     

香豆素类物质的色谱检测进展

香豆素类物质在植物中分布广泛,是豆香型香料的主要成份之一,常用于日用香精中。秦皮中的秦皮甲素,补骨脂中的补骨脂内酯,另外,双香豆素,6,7-二甲氧基香豆素,7,8-二甲氧基香豆素,6-羟基-7-甲氧基香豆素等均属香豆素类物质。目前国内多数是植物(绝大多数为中药)提取物中香豆素类物质的定性或定量分析。国外的文献则偏重于香豆素作为药物在生物体中的代谢机理和生理毒性。色谱检测中应用最多的仪器是高效液相色谱。国外还报道了几种特别的高效液相色谱改进技术:胶束电动毛细管技术,凝胶溶胶通道技术,直角纳米通道技术,二维技术。另外,液质联用技术,薄层色谱和柱色谱,超临界流体色谱法,气相色谱也可用于香豆素的检测。     

关于有效促进社会公正的几个问题

本文认为:(1)为了顺利地推进改革,为了中国社会经济持续、有效和健康的发展,就必须适应新的历史条件,顺应民意、顺应现代社会的基本趋势,把社会公正放到一个突出的位置。(2)在中国现阶段应当开始建立一个初级的社会公平保障体系。初级社会公平保障体系的基本特征是低水准、广覆盖、有实效。对于国家来说,近期需要做的事情可以分为两大块,一是国家的直接投入,二是国家的立法、监督、执行和引导。(3)有一些根深蒂固的观念在妨碍着我们重视社会公正问题。这些观念主要包括:“原始积累不可避免”,“国家财力不足”,“重视公正便会妨碍效率”,因此我们必须对这些观念进行一番必要的反思。(4)要想构建一个公正而和谐的社会,就必须培育一个庞大的中等收入者人群,形成一个“两头小,中间大”的橄榄型的社会结构,那么社会就会变得越来越稳定了。     

Some quantitative concepts of value and utility from a utilitarian point of view

This paper clarifies and interprets some basic quantitative concepts of value, utility and utility function from a utilitarian point of view. First, I discuss the question as to whether value is objective or subjective. I hold that value is subjective and statistical in nature (although from the various subjective values of a certain object a norm can usually be obtained). Second, I emphasize the distinction between use value and exchange value in relation to utility. Third, I propose a law of diminishing incremental interest, which refers to the incremental (marginal) utility of money. Fourth, I identify the utility of money with the von Neumann-Morgenstern utility. Fifth, I question the necessity of the usual normalization of utility functions and the restricted linear transformation (and the consequent concept of strategic equivalence). Sixth, I discuss in detail the terminal values and utilities of a utility function from a philosophical rather than mathematical point of view, particularly the boundedness of a utility function and the magnitudes of V ₀ and U ₀. Finally, I conclude that, in order to be able to have interpersonal comparisons of utility, utility should have the same dimension as value rather than no dimension, and the normalization problem should be reconsidered in the light of terminal values and utilities.     

Asia's population and development in retrospect and prospect

By 1989 Asia's population will reach 3 billion. That Asia's countries can change the course of population development has been shown by China, whose population growth rate has decreased to 1.2%. 58% of the world's population in 1985 was Asian, and 53% of it was concentrated in 11 Asian countries, of which 37.6% was accounted for by India and China. Asia's population density is 3 times the world average, and the number of persons sustained by a square kilometer of land in Asia is 2.5 times the world average. Asia's population is young (median age 20.3), which means a high dependency burden, a large number of women of childbearing age, and low quality of life, as measured by infant mortality, life expectancy, and literacy. Rapid population growth ensures a low rate of development. Asia's goals are to achieve a 1% growth rate by year 2000, zero population growth and replacement level by 2015 for East Asia and 2020 for South Asia. The World Bank estimates that Asia's population will not stabilize until the end of the 21st century, by which time it will have reached 6 billion. Asia must find a way of achieving both population control and economic development. 5 recommendations are made to the Asian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population and Development (AFPPD): 1) that the AFPPD sponsor the activities of "the Day of 3 billion"; 2) that seminars and conferences on population be held among Asian nations; 3) that high-fertility countries adopt late marriages, few births, and programs for maternal and child health; 4) that organizations for family planning be strengthened and given the resources to upgrade the status of women; and 5) that international cooperation in the area of population be intensified.     

工商管理学科领域"面向世界科学前沿问题"的凝炼机制探索

科技创新是促进国家发展的动力.要实现科技创新推动国家发展的战略目标,学术研究需要面向世界科学前沿,挑战前沿的科学难题,做出原创成果,实现创新引领.企业是国家实施创新驱动发展战略的主体.工商管理作为研究企业管理的学科,解决好本学科领域"面向世界科学前沿"的研究问题,有助于为我国企业创新提供理论指导,服务国家发展战略.然而,工商管理学科领域如何凝炼"面向世界科学前沿问题"是管理学者和管理实践者长期以来关注但未被解答的问题.本文旨在探索工商管理学科领域"面向世界科学前沿问题"的凝炼机制.借鉴工商管理学科领域59位资深专家的意见,探讨了"面向世界科学前沿问题"的内涵、选题要求、形成方法,并尝试整合出一套具有可操作性的凝炼方案.此外,本文阐述了"并联式"和"串联式"两种具体科学问题提出模式,以期为科研工作者提供一个能够形成聚焦的、对中国管理实践有帮助的、面向世界科学前沿的研究问题的方案.     

An LP-rounding based algorithm for a capacitated uniform facility location problem with penalties

Journal of Combinatorial Optimization - Facility location problem is a well established research area within Operations Research. Capacitated facility location problem is one of the most important...     

我国婴幼儿托育服务标准规范体系的现状及其优化研究

近年来,我国婴幼儿托育服务标准规范建设进程较快,当前体系框架已初步建立。但由于长期以来标准规范建设比较缓 慢、推进机制不健全等客观因素制约,当前婴幼儿托育服务在通用基础标准规范方面整体滞后,婴幼儿安全照护和权益保障标准 规范方面仍存短板,监管和人员标准规范方面较弱等问题。根据托育标准规范体系现状,结合托育服务发展需求,当前亟需建立 托育服务标准规范体系的协同推进工作机制,加快通用基础标准规范研制,促进服务提供标准规范的健全,补足支持保障标准规 范的短板,进而完善标准规范框架体系,推动各类标准规范的兼容,进而为婴幼儿托育服务高质量发展提供支持和保障。