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Qualitative Sociology -     

Racial Differences in Abused Older African American Males, Caucasian Males, and their Abusers

This study examined racial differences between mistreated and abused older African American and Caucasian men. The racial and gender differences of their perpetrators were also examined. Data from a single elder abuse provider agency in the State of Illinois were analyzed. Differences with respect to physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, deprivation, confinement, and financial exploitation were examined, as were demographic characteristics and limitations of victims and abusers.     

关于贫困文化的思考

贫困文化是与贫困经济相互对应的一个范畴,贫困文化反映了贫困经济的精神实质;贫困经济则从根本上决定了贫困文化的物质表现形式。贫困文化是造成贫困经济的一个重要精神原因,改变贫困经济的状况,必须首先改造贫困文化的价值形态。     

委婉表达现象的认知语用特征

委婉表达现象的认知语用特征,如果从语用规约、隐喻思维和认知语境几个方面来看,其实质就是人们利用纯语言符号和认知机制合力的心理认知过程;委婉表达现象与语用规约、隐喻、认知语境等密不可分。     

Unequal at the Starting Line: Creating Participatory Inequalities across Generations and among Groups

We investigate how inequalities in political participation are shaped across generations by considering the influence of family background--in particular, parents' education and political involvement--on political participation. We pursue this issue, first, for individuals, investigating the effects of parental characteristics on the participatory profile of their offspring. Then, we use what we have learned to understand how group differences in political participation--between women and men and among Latinos, African Americans, and Anglo Whites--are rooted in the legacy of class and political background and in experiences throughout the life cycle.     

邓小平的独特机遇观

邓小平独特机遇观是邓小平围绕中华民族几千万海外爱国同胞是中国大发展的独特机遇而提出的一系列理论观点。在邓小平看来 ,几千万海外爱国同胞财力和智力 ,以及他们对祖国的浓厚情感 ,构成中国发展的一种独特的国情 ,而中国社会主义建设对资金和技术的迫切需要 ,又使这种独特国情能够成为一种现实的发展优势。要紧紧抓住这个机遇 ,就必须把几千万海外爱国同胞作为社会主义现代化建设的重要力量来看待 ,制定必要的法律和制度 ,切实保护他们的各种权益 ,从中华民族团结振兴的根本愿望出发 ,吸引他们参加祖国建设。     

Realms,subfields, and perspectives: On the differentiation and fragmentation of sociology

This article proposes a heuristic classification of intradisciplinary structure and applies that scheme to the current debate over the relationship between the proliferation of subfields and disciplinary fragmentation in sociology. It is argued here that the fragmentation of sociology is caused by the multiplication of competing perspectives rather than by the differentiation of fields of specialization. While competition among perspectives reflects disagreements among sociologists on what their subject matter should be and how to approach it, the proliferation of subfields is generally a result of disciplinary progress.     

Theoretical consideration of effect of fishing mortality on growth and reproduction of fish populations

Summary An increase in fish mortality due to fishing can theoretically change the growth and reproduction of fish populations from the viewpoint of adaptation. We address the issue of how an iteroparous fish should convert surplus energy into somatic growth and reproduction at each age under given conditions of mortality. A model of life history, which maximizes the net reproductive rate using the discrete maximum principle, is improved employing a new relationship between body weight and surplus energy which we have recently proposed. The model is applied to the North Sea plaicePleuronectes platessa, for which it has been reported that the average length of young fish had increased whereas that of old ones had decreased for some decades. Although the model cannot directly explain the former phenomenon, the two phenomena can be interpreted as a change in the optimal life history due mainly to an increase in mortality.     

《秦始皇本纪》二十三四年事试析

《秦始皇本纪》二十三四年所记之事与他处并无歧异之处 ,这几段文字不需要改序或改字来求解。二十三年所虏之荆王并非负刍 ,而是昌文君。它所反映的是当时反秦斗争的激烈和楚国当时的国内状况。     

Organization and implementation of China's national sampling survey on fertility and birth control

The Planning and Statistical Department of the State Family Planning Commission of China in July 1988 implemented a fertility and birth control survey in China on 2.16 million married women ages 15-57 using stratified, systematic, clustered, and non-proportionate sampling. 3 questionnaires were used: household, married women, and sample unit covering basic status, family planning status, general characteristics of pregnancy and contraception, population flow, deaths since 1981, and socioeconomic status. The authors suggest several international cooperative research projects including: design of fertility and contraception survey; Chinese population growth; Chinese population dynamics; dynamics of marital and family status; fertility; contraception and birth control; mortality; migration; status of the nationalities of China; population development; regional fertility status; and others. Data from the survey will be available in June 1989.