硬件软化与软件固化

本文论述了带微处理的电子装备的设计与生产中应充分考虑硬件软化与软件固化的技术问题,充分发挥微处理器的潜在功能。在速度允许的情况下,应尽量采用软件来实现与扩展硬件功能,兼施,精心设计接口。同时还要灵活地运用固件技术,以提高速度,节省存储空间。使软件设计与软、硬生产规范化、工程化。     

Model averaging for M-estimation

M-estimation is a widely used technique for robust statistical inference. In this paper, we study model selection and model averaging for M-estimation to simultaneously improve the coverage probability of confidence intervals of the parameters of interest and reduce the impact of heavy-tailed errors or outliers in the response. Under general conditions, we develop robust versions of the focused information criterion and a frequentist model average estimator for M-estimation, and we examine their theoretical properties. In addition, we carry out extensive simulation studies as well as two real examples to assess the performance of our new procedure, and find that the proposed method produces satisfactory results.     

A Simple Approximate Procedure for Constructing Binomial and Poisson Tolerance Intervals

The problems of constructing tolerance intervals for the binomial and Poisson distributions are considered. Closed-form approximate equal-tailed tolerance intervals (that control percentages in both tails) are proposed for both distributions. Exact coverage probabilities and expected widths are evaluated for the proposed equal-tailed tolerance intervals and the existing intervals. Furthermore, an adjustment to the nominal confidence level is suggested so that an equal-tailed tolerance interval can be used as a tolerance interval which includes a specified proportion of the population, but does not necessarily control percentages in both tails. Comparison of such coverage-adjusted tolerance intervals with respect to coverage probabilities and expected widths indicates that the closed-form approximate tolerance intervals are comparable with others, and less conservative, with minimum coverage probabilities close to the nominal level in most cases. The approximate tolerance intervals are simple and easy to compute using a calculator, and they can be recommended for practical applications. The methods are illustrated using two practical examples.     

转移支付与公共品均等化分析

 基于1995-2004年间省级面板数据的估计结果显示，税收返回对各地的城乡公共品差距扩大起了强化作用，财力性转移支付和专项转移支付对各地城乡公共品差距的缩小作用不大；转移支付规模的公共品因素考虑不合理；最后，提出了相关的政策建议。     

密度分布非均匀的反馈控制Logistic单种群模型平衡态的稳定性

本文对种群密度在非均匀分布情形下,考虑了具反馈控制的滞后 Logistic 生态模型平衡位置的稳定性;分别给出了在常时滞和弱连续时滞以及强连续时滞情况下的稳定性条件;其结果是对 Gopalsamy 在密度均匀分布情形下相应结果的推广.     

文化建设的四重路向与中华民族凝聚力

文化建设既要坚持民族立场,又要有全球视野;既要加强主流文化的建构,又要注重大众文明的建设;既要传承传统社会的道德精神,又要注重法理社会契约精神的培育;既要提高公民的基本素养,还要培养公民的现代意识。中华民族凝聚力在文化建设四重路向的影响下,具有合理的开放性、不同的凝聚层次以及适应时代发展的价值取向与新型主体。     

Empirical Likelihood for the Additive Hazards Model with Current Status Data

We investigate empirical likelihood for the additive hazards model with current status data. An empirical log-likelihood ratio for a vector or subvector of regression parameters is defined and its limiting distribution is shown to be a standard chi-squared distribution. The proposed inference procedure enables us to make empirical likelihood-based inference for the regression parameters. Finite sample performance of the proposed method is assessed in simulation studies to compare with that of a normal approximation method, it shows that the empirical likelihood method provides more accurate inference than the normal approximation method. A real data example is used for illustration.     

Outlier detection and robust variable selection via the penalized weighted LAD-LASSO method

This paper studies the outlier detection and robust variable selection problem in the linear regression model. The penalized weighted least absolute deviation (PWLAD) regression estimation method and the adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) are combined to simultaneously achieve outlier detection, and robust variable selection. An iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the proposed optimization problem. Monte Carlo studies are evaluated the finite-sample performance of the proposed methods. The results indicate that the finite sample performance of the proposed methods performs better than that of the existing methods when there are leverage points or outliers in the response variable or explanatory variables. Finally, we apply the proposed methodology to analyze two real datasets.     

China’s Economic Development and Development Economics Innovation

China has experienced rapid economic growth since its reform and opening up 40 years ago. The prime mover and key driver of these amazing achievements originated in China’s transformation from a planned economy to a socialist market economy, and from a closed economy to an open economy. The optimal allocation of the various factors of production and the interaction of economic growth and structural upgrading also played a significant part. China’s economic growth over the 40 years has applied, and proven effective, the general principles of development economics, and more importantly, based on the realities of China, it has contributed to theoretical innovation and institutional innovation, leading China along the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Entering the new era, China is committed to building a modern economic system and promoting high-quality development under the guidance of the new development concepts of innovation, coordination, green development, opening up and sharing.