"中华民族多元一体格局"理论研究述评

1988年,费孝通先生发表了<中华民族的多元一体格局>论文,时至今日已20年了.在过去的这段时间里,学术界对费孝通先生所提出的"中华民族多元一体格局"理论展开了广泛而深入的讨论.尽管在讨论过程中呈现出的是分歧与共识并行的局面,但是这些讨论都促使这一具有结构论特点的理论体系日臻完善.本文拟就学术界在近20年里对这一理论的研究工作做一个述评.     

晚清留日回族学生与辛亥革命——基于“留东清真教育会”会员史迹的考察

在中国伊斯兰教和回族历史中,留东清真教育会的组建及其刊物《醒回篇》的发行,以及其爱国爱教的思想颇受后世关注,但其成员与辛亥革命的关系一直没有得到深入的研究和讨论。本文考订留东清真教育会主要成员事迹,探析其与同盟会的关系,发掘其成员归国后在各省光复运动中的表现,揭示晚清回族留日学生与辛亥革命的关联,认为该会是受孙中山民主革命思想的影响创立的一个革命团体。留东清真教育会成员的行动,体现了近代回族的文化自觉和国家认同,从一个侧面反映出民主共和观念对多民族国家少数民族发展的影响。     

需求分布规律变化情况下的报童订货策略

在需求分布规律变化情况下,报童在进行订货决策时会因为错误判断需求分布规律而导致期望库存成本增加。为了解决这一问题,本文集成传统历史需求信息和非传统需求信息以正确地认知需求分布规律,在此基础上决策订货量。假设需求服从均值不同、方差相同的两种类型的正态分布,每一种正态分布的概率已知。利用信号检测理论构建基于历史需求信息与需求分布概率的报童最优订货策略,并与只基于需求分布概率的直觉规则订货策略进行对比。结果表明：只要排除需求分布概率很大或很小两种极端情况,最优订货策略比直觉规则订货策略在控制期望库存成本方面的作用更明显,即利用历史需求信息可以有效修正报童对实际需求分布的检测结果,从而提高实际订货决策的准确性。研究结果对传统历史需求信息和非传统需求信息的集成以及需求信息交换等有一定的管理学启示和应用价值。     

Neighbor sum distinguishing list total coloring of subcubic graphs

Let \(G=(V, E)\) be a simple graph and denote the set of edges incident to a vertex v by E(v). The neighbor sum distinguishing (NSD) total choice number of G, denoted by \(\mathrm{ch}_{\Sigma }^{t}(G)\), is the smallest integer k such that, after assigning each \(z\in V\cup E\) a set L(z) of k real numbers, G has a total coloring \(\phi \) satisfying \(\phi (z)\in L(z)\) for each \(z\in V\cup E\) and \(\sum _{z\in E(u)\cup \{u\}}\phi (z)\ne \sum _{z\in E(v)\cup \{v\}}\phi (z)\) for each \(uv\in E\). In this paper, we propose some reducible configurations of NSD list total coloring for general graphs by applying the Combinatorial Nullstellensatz. As an application, we present that \(\mathrm{ch}^{t}_{\Sigma }(G)\le \Delta (G)+3\) for every subcubic graph G.     

Co-Occurring Psychosocial Problems and Multiple Sexual Partners among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Shanghai,China: A Syndemic Approach

We aimed to apply syndemic theory to verify the association and reinforcing effects between psychosocial problems and multiple sexual partners (MSP) of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 547 MSM in Shanghai, China using a face-to-face survey. Sociodemographic and psychosocial data were collected, as well as information on MSP and condomless anal sex. In the 6 months prior to the survey, 54.3% of the MSM sample had had MSP. Univariate analysis showed that self-esteem, depression, loneliness, sexual compulsivity, and involuntary subordination (IS) were associated with MSP. Sexual compulsivity (multivariate odds ratio [ORm] = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.76–4.91) and IS (ORm = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.14–2.81) remained significant in multivariate analysis. MSM with five or more psychosocial problems had greater odds of (adjusted odds ratios = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.49–6.25) having MSP in the previous 6 months than the non-syndemic group. Our findings provide preliminary confirmation of the additive relationship of syndemic psychosocial health conditions and MSP among MSM in Shanghai, China. An integrated intervention with special focus on sexual compulsivity and IS is needed.     

Tweeting about emergency: A semantic network analysis of government organizations’ social media messaging during Hurricane Harvey

While social media like Twitter have been increasingly adopted by public-sector organizations, it remains less explored as to how government and emergency management (EM) organizations use these platforms to communicate with the public in response to emerging natural disasters. Extending the Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) to the realm of social media, this study examines the emerging semantic networks from 67 government and EM organizations’ official tweets during Hurricane Harvey over a three-week period. It identifies how multiple crisis response strategies—including instructing information, adjusting information, and bolstering—are constituted of different issues, actions, and organizational actors before, during, and immediately after the disaster event. Results suggest that government agencies use the strategy of instructing information predominantly before and during the disaster, whereas adjusting information and bolstering strategies are utilized more during post-disaster recovery. The study offers theoretical and practical implications of using a semantic network approach to studying organizational crisis responses.     

庄子学说之独立性研究——以《庄子》内七篇为中心

自汉代以来,庄子学说一直归属于道家门下;庄学是老学的继承者,是以"老学"为理论抽象的道家学派的代表,业已成为一种固定的认知模式。但是,若将《庄子》内七篇和《老子》两个文本进行分析、比较,则可以看到,庄学与老学的相同之处仅仅表现在一个共同的起点——原始的"道"概念,而其学说的宗旨和目的却十分不同。在判断一种学说的性质和归属时,我们应该以学说的宗旨和目的作为基本的权重指标,而非其立论的起点。基于这一原则,庄学是一个独立于老学之外、自成一家的思想体系。     

多元认同与批评伦理:文学批评中的宽容新论

文章由胡适致陈之藩的信中提出的"善未易明,理未易察"这个命题引导出文学批评中的伦理即"宽容"的话题,指出在当下文化语境中对一元论的怀疑与价值多元的认同,并不必然引向宽容的彼岸及具有启发性的批评,反而很有可能导致一些不健康的批评现象:一种是折中主义倾向,一种是怀疑主义与虚无主义倾向.并由此提出文化及文学批评伦理问题供有识者参考讨论.     

论中国商会在20世纪早期的国民外交活动

中国商会在20世纪早期展开了类型多样、内容丰富的国民外交活动,中国商会的国民外交活动具有明确的目标、正当的途径、有效的手段,中国商会在20世纪早期成为国民外交的重要基地乃至领导机构,它对20世纪早期中国外交有着直接的作用,也对抗战时期中美的战略结盟具有一定的影响,并且对当今21世纪早期中国国民外交的开展具有重要的现实启示.     

论宋代诗话汇编的三种编排体例

《诗话总龟》《苕溪渔隐丛话》《诗人玉屑》是宋代诗话史上先后出现的三大诗话汇编,三者运用了各具特色的编排体例,代表了宋代诗话汇编三种体例类型。《诗话总龟》因诗存事,以事为纲,分门增广;《苕溪渔隐丛话》以时为序,因人系论,触类引伸;《诗人玉屑》格法类分,人物品藻,史评结合。后出汇编在编排体例上继承创新,更趋完善。正是有了颇具匠心的编排体例,三大诗话汇编能够历久不衰,在中国诗学史上有着重要的意义。