A visualization method measuring the performance of biomarkers for guiding treatment decisions

Biomarkers that predict efficacy and safety for a given drug therapy become increasingly important for treatment strategy and drug evaluation in personalized medicine. Methodology for appropriately identifying and validating such biomarkers is critically needed, although it is very challenging to develop, especially in trials of terminal diseases with survival endpoints. The marker‐by‐treatment predictiveness curve serves this need by visualizing the treatment effect on survival as a function of biomarker for each treatment. In this article, we propose the weighted predictiveness curve (WPC). Based on the nature of the data, it generates predictiveness curves by utilizing either parametric or nonparametric approaches. Especially for nonparametric predictiveness curves, by incorporating local assessment techniques, it requires minimum model assumptions and provides great flexibility to visualize the marker‐by‐treatment relationship. WPC can be used to compare biomarkers and identify the one with the highest potential impact. Equally important, by simultaneously viewing several treatment‐specific predictiveness curves across the biomarker range, WPC can also guide the biomarker‐based treatment regimens. Simulations representing various scenarios are employed to evaluate the performance of WPC. Application on a well‐known liver cirrhosis trial sheds new light on the data and leads to discovery of novel patterns of treatment biomarker interactions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论封龙山文化的形成与内涵

封龙山作为“燕赵文化名山”,有着悠久的历史传承和厚重的文化底蕴。封龙山文化的形成首先与毗邻曾为政治、经济、文化中心的特殊地理位置有关,其次是它对周边地区的广泛影响而形成了人才辈出群星璀璨的局面。封龙山作为中国古代传统文化的重要发祥地之一,为中华文明做出了卓越的贡献,并在以后封龙山文化在不断发展的过程中,表现出了极大的包融性,其丰富的文化内涵体现于三个方面：科学与信仰相容、 佛教与道教双修、修德与崇礼共存。     

中西方丧葬习俗差异及文化透视

死亡是人生的最后归宿,丧葬是对一个生命结束的最后处置仪式和对生命体死亡超越的一种寄托。中西方传统丧葬在举办主体及程序、墓地选址及建设、丧葬基调、丧葬用具等习俗方面存在着巨大差异,从中可以折射出中外文化的不同。受中国城市化建设以及西方文化在华传播的影响,中国现代丧葬仪式开始呈现出程序化、中西文化交融的特征。在文化多元化的今天,摒弃封建迷信的同时,中国应该继承发扬优秀的传统文化,发出文化最强音。     

团队反思对员工绩效影响的跨层次研究

通过建立跨层次的中介效应模型,运用多层线性模型方法,考察团队反思对员工绩效的影响。选取交互记忆系统和团队绩效两个中介变量,基于86个企业团队的数据进行实证研究,指出团队反思对员工绩效存在跨层次的影响,并且在此影响机制中交互记忆系统起到了中介作用,但团队绩效对员工绩效的直接影响效应不显著,即团队绩效对员工绩效无明显促进作用。     

湘西凤凰非物质文化遗产的开发与保护

湘西凤凰民俗文化特色鲜明,传承千载,是我国宝贵的非物质文化遗产,而过度的商业化和非保护性开发导致其传承问题逐渐突出,科学的保护和开发是凤凰民俗面临的重要问题。针对目前保护和开发凤凰民俗文化最突出的原真性差、口传艺术弱化、管理不科学及缺乏提炼创新问题,采用科学的方法、合理的开发手段、创新的模式,并和现代的文化、科技相结合,才可以实现最佳的保护和传承效果。     

基于灰色系统的小型精密机床热误差模型

为减少热误差对数控机床加工精度的影响,文章利用灰色系统研究热误差建模。初步分析机床热源后,应用灰 色关联度分析结合模糊分类方法优化得到13组关键温度测点,结合小型精密五轴机床处于实际加工状态时的实验数 据,应用GM(I,N)灰色结构进行建模。将实际数据与拟合数据进行对比分析,结果表明此灰色系统模型具有计算方法 成熟、鲁棒性强的特点,适用于机床热误差研究。     

Testing Serial Correlation in Partially Linear Additive Errors-in-variables Models

This article considers testing serial correlation in partially linear additive errors-in-variables model. Based on the empirical likelihood based approach, a test statistic was proposed, and it was shown to follow asymptotically a chi-square distribution under the null hypothesis of no serial correlation. Finally, some simulation studies are conducted to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.     

An Improved Distribution-free EWMA Mean Chart

Control charts are effective tools for signal detection in both manufacturing processes and service processes. Much service data come from a process with variables having nonnormal or unknown distributions. The commonly used Shewhart variable control charts, which depend heavily on the normality assumption, should not be properly used here. In this article, we propose an improved asymmetric EWMA mean chart based on a simple statistic to monitor process mean shift. We explored the sampling properties of the new monitoring statistic and calculated the average run lengths of the proposed asymmetric EWMA mean chart. We recommend the proposed improved asymmetric EWMA mean chart because the average run lengths of the modified charts are more accurate and reasonable than those of the five existed mean charts. A numerical example of service times with a right skewed distribution from a service system of a bank branch is used to illustrate the application of the improved asymmetric EWMA mean chart and to compare it with the five existing mean charts. The proposed chart showed better detection performance than those of the five existing mean charts in monitoring and detecting shifts in the process mean.     

西利亚·撒克斯特作品中灾难书写的美学意蕴

西利亚·撒克斯特是19世纪美国女作家,其作品以其所居住的海岛为背景,记录了她在岛上的生活以及周围的自然景色。她在作品中表达了对自然之美的无尽热爱,这份热爱不仅局限于传统的田园牧歌式的自然景致,也延伸到了神秘而令人胆怯的荒野之中。本文结合当代环境美学家关于“非美自然”的论述,并参考康德对于纯粹审美判断的阐释,从“距离”与“道德”两个角度对西利亚作品中关于灾难性自然景观的言说进行审美意义上诠释。西利亚坚持以自然的名义欣赏自然,希望借助康德式的纯粹审美还原审美自然灾难的合理性。此外,她选择成为灾难的“旁观者”而非“参与者”,克服了“恐惧”对于审美自然灾难所产生的阻碍,证明了欣赏自然灾难的可行性。分析西利亚作品中所体现的自然审美思想,不仅是对自然文学研究领域的进一步延伸,也是对当代环境美学理论的一次反哺与验证。西利亚对自然灾难的审美言说是一次勇敢的尝试,不仅为人类积极地理解自然灾难提供了一种可能性,也扩宽了“非美自然”的审美疆域。