Testing Covariance Stationarity

In this paper, we show that the widely used stationarity tests such as the Kwiatkowski Phillips, Schmidt, and Shin (KPSS) test have power close to size in the presence of time-varying unconditional variance. We propose a new test as a complement of the existing tests. Monte Carlo experiments show that the proposed test possesses the following characteristics: (i) in the presence of unit root or a structural change in the mean, the proposed test is as powerful as the KPSS and other tests; (ii) in the presence of a changing variance, the traditional tests perform badly whereas the proposed test has high power comparing to the existing tests; (iii) the proposed test has the same size as traditional stationarity tests under the null hypothesis of stationarity. An application to daily observations of return on U.S. Dollar/Euro exchange rate reveals the existence of instability in the unconditional variance when the entire sample is considered, but stability is found in subsamples.     

Tournaments as a Worker Discipline Device

This article explores the macroeconomic implications of tournaments as a worker discipline device in the vein of shirking models. It is shown that, if the full exploitation of tournaments is feasible, there will be no involuntary unemployment. Thus, as far as the elimination of involuntary unemployment is concerned, tournaments can serve as a perfect substitute for the so-called "employment fee" or "bonding" scheme. An immediate corollary of this finding is that the involuntary nature of unemployment must ultimately rely upon impediments that hinder the full exploitation of tournaments.     

王阳明之前儒家“良知”心性学说的历史考察——从孟子到陆象山

自从孟子第一次明确提出“良知”范畴以来，它就与先秦儒学的心性论融合在一起，成为中国哲学史、思想史上一个重要的范畴。同时，“良知”也不是一个静态的、纯结构性的范畴。随着中国古代哲学史、思想史的发展，随着中国传统的人性、心性学说的日益丰富、完善，“良知”范畴也不断拓展和深化着自身的理论内涵。因此，对“良知”的考察不能够只局限于静态的结构分析，还应该考虑到其动态的历史发生：循着先秦儒学的心性论一大乘佛学的佛性论一宋明理学、心学的历史脉络，可以考察“良知”范畴历史发展的源流正变，揭示王阳明心学之前“良知”范畴的历史内涵.     

Similar Faults Different Endings--A Comparison between the Origins of Tess’s and Hester’s Tragedy

Hester Prynne and Tess Durbeyfield were two eminent female figures in the world by Thomas Hardy and Nathaniel Hawthone.Although the two female leading characters were in different time and place,their tragic experiences were almost the same.However,they were separated in the end.From the comparison of their personalities and the social situation they involved in,we would try to explore the origins of their similarity and ending by this article with the aim of alerting the world.     

中国特色社会主义:朱德的探索及其历史性贡献

朱德一生的探索,为中国特色社会主义道路的形成和发展做出了历史性贡献.在革命和建设时期,朱德借鉴苏联建设社会主义的经验和教训,同时又根据本国的具体国情,阐述了“建设中国式的社会主义”的观念,为中国特色社会主义道路的形成和发展奠定了方向性基础；提出了一系列符合中国国情的思想,为中国特色社会主义理论的形成和发展奠定了理论基础；提出了一系列符合中国实际的政治理念,为中国特色社会主义制度的形成和发展莫定了框架基础.     

医疗行为的正当化研究

正是基于对人的自我决定权的尊重,"患者的意思是最高的法",患者的同意成为阻却医疗行为违法性的根本事由.有效的患者同意,应当是由患者本人(或者其监护人)以表达于外部的方式,在医疗行为实施之前作出;同意蕴涵了"接受"或者"拒绝",指向的是医疗行为及其结果;同意只需出于患者的自愿即可,并非必定理性.欠缺患者同意的医疗行为包括强制医疗、紧急医疗和专断医疗,前两者的正当化根据分别是公共利益和推定的患者同意.至于专断医疗,少数国家规定了专门罪名,有的国家作为伤害罪处理,而大多数国家则认为不成立犯罪,我国现阶段不宜将专断医疗入罪化.     

从差异和矛盾中认识和把握和谐

差异和矛盾是和谐的有机内涵和存在状态，差异是和谐存在和发展的基础，矛盾仍然是和谐社会的发展动力。和谐是在差异形成的多元互动的基础上产生的，又是在正确解决矛盾的方式中实现的。     

论侗族草标文化现象

侗族是我国南方历史悠久的少数民族,草标现象是侗族传统文化的重要组成部分,草标的社会功能有表明归属、提示、示警、禁忌、约会、祈祷等,对社会和谐起到了明显作用。草标文化已经成为侗族社会的传统美德,在今天得到了发扬光大。     

控股股东掏空动机与多元化的盈余波动效应

多元化经营是公司关注的重大发展问题,因此,多元化经营的动机及其经济后果也成为学者们研究的重点话题。本文从我国上市公司的多元化经营与盈余波动性之间的关系入手对这一问题进行研究,具体分析了公司多元化经营的程度对盈余波动性的影响及控股股东的掏空动机对多元化盈余波动效应的作用。研究发现,我国上市公司的多元化经营显著降低了公司的盈余波动性,多元化程度越高,盈余的波动性越低;但由控股股东代理问题而形成的掏空动机损害了多元化的盈余波动效应。本文的研究为多元化的经济后果增添了新的文献,同时也为上市公司监管提供了参考依据。     

可充电电池的制备及性能测定——综合设计性实验的教学实践

对"可充电电池的制备及性能测定"综合设计性实验课的教学设计、组织和效果评价等进行了介绍.教学实践表明,该实验可使学生在包括电化学概念理解、文献资料搜集、电池设计和材料选择等诸多方面的能力得到提高,是一个很好的综合设计性实验教学题材.